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31.
Wolfgang Loibl Johann Züger Mario K?stl 《Standort - Zeitschrift für angewandte Geographie》2009,17(2):94-100
Der letzte Bericht des Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) erl?utert die weltweiten Auswirkungen des Klimawandels
deutlich – allerdings aus globaler Sicht. Um zu kl?ren wie sich das regionale Klima in ?sterreich ver?ndern wird, wurde mit
dem Projekt „reclip:more“ (Research for Climate Protection: Model Run Evaluation) eine erste kleinr?umige Datenbasis für Klimaschutz
und Klimafolgenforschung für ?sterreich generiert. Klimaszenarien wurden mittels regionaler Klimamodelle (RCMs) für die Alpen
als 10 × 10-Kilometer-Raster und mit anschlie?endem Downscaling für ?sterreich mit einer Zielaufl?sung 1 km entwickelt. Die
RCMs wurden mit ERA-40 Reanalyse-Daten der Vergangenheit und Daten eines Zukunftsszenarios des globalen Klimamodells (GCM)
ECHAM5 angetrieben, um retrospektive (1981 bis 1990) und künftige (2041 bis 2050) Klimadatens?tze für die Alpen zu berechnen
und M?glichkeiten und Unsicherheiten der Modelle und Downscaling-Methoden für die Alpen zu evaluieren. Die nun vorliegenden
Datens?tze und weitere, die im Folgeprojekt „reclip:century“ für alternative Treibhausgasszenarien bis 2100 berechnet werden,
dienen dazu als Basis für Aussagen über ?kologische und sozio?konomische Entwicklungen im Hinblick auf den Klimawandel. 相似文献
32.
Marie‐Hélène Zérah 《Development and change》2009,40(5):853-877
This article questions the participatory dimension of urban governance in Mumbai. Based on surveys of a number of participatory projects for urban services, it compares the differentiated impacts of participation in middle‐class colonies with those in slums. Results demonstrate that changing citizen–government relationships have led to the empowerment of the middle and upper middle class who harness the potential of new ‘invited space’ to expand their claims on the city and political space. In contrast, the poor end up on the losing side as NGOs function more as contracted agents of the State than as representatives of the poor. Direct community participation empowers influential community members, small private entrepreneurs and middlemen, and contributes to labour informalization. Ultimately, these processes consolidate a form of ‘governing beyond the State’ that promotes a managerial vision of participation and leads to double standards of citizenship. 相似文献
33.
Fabienne Brugère 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2012,133(4):525-544
18th century philosophers analyzed art through the aesthetic experience of the audience. By contrast, Adam Smith was interested in the moral judgment that an impartial audience may formulate. How can art and morality, the beautiful and the good, be combined into one analytical framework? Art and morality convey non-transcendental values that are intrinsic to human experience. With the aesthetic experience of the audience, art is used, and ultimately depends on the ways that humans relate to works or art and to the beautiful. 相似文献
34.
Angèle Smith 《Archaeologies》2012,8(3):349-365
This paper draws on Wobst’s concerns ideas of material culture, style and the implications of contemporary archaeology. In a socially engaged “archaeology of now”, I examine the spatiality and material culture of asylum seekers in Irish society as the Irish State governs and thus engineers their social and physical space. Housed in State-operated accommodation centers around the country, the spatial governance of asylum seekers in Ireland creates a structured, exclusionary transnational landscape of difference. The State thereby controls the movement, social borders, place, identity and social relations of asylum seekers in a newly global Ireland. 相似文献
35.
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37.
Michèle M. Wollstonecroft 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2011,3(1):141-150
While it is generally agreed that food processing has had a role in human evolution, the specific ways that is has affected
our evolution are not well understood. Using a Niche Construction Theory (NCT) perspective, coupled with methodologies borrowed
from “post-harvest” research in the plant sciences, this paper investigates the means and mechanism by which food processing
is of evolutionary consequence. The central tenet of NCT is that organisms have an active role in their own evolution through
reciprocal interactions with their environments; niche construction is understood to occur when organisms initiate long-term
changes to their environments that modify the selection pressures on themselves and their descendants (and on other organisms
in the environment). Humans and our hominin ancestors are considered to be the ultimate niche constructors due to our ability
to modify selection pressures through diverse culturally generated and transmitted cultural means, i.e. cultural niche construction.
In this paper, post-harvest methods are used to identify how food processing could feasibly have permitted hominins to modify
their evolutionary selection pressures. Food processing is shown to facilitate access to increasing amounts of digestible
nutrients and energy (kilocalories/kilojoules) as well as promoting increased dietary breadth and making possible the production
of safer and more stable foods. It is argued that these advancements catalysed related technological and ecological skills
and knowledge, which together with the nutritional benefits, further triggered changes in hominin brain and body and locomotory
adaptations and increased longevity, disease prevention and juvenile survival rates. 相似文献
38.
We present a scheme to modify empirical Green's functions by attenuation considering: (1) geometrical spreading; (2) decay in high frequency; (3) regional attenuation; and (4) phase of the signal. The accelerograms computed with the proposed simulation method are compared, in time and frequency domains, with strong ground motions from subduction and intermediate-depth earthquakes recorded in Mexico. It is shown that this simple empirical Green's functions technique can synthesize both the shape and amplitude of the response spectra in the site, considering a postulated seismic source located at different distances from the original one. 相似文献
39.
This article proposes a damage index for the seismic analysis of Reinforced Concrete members using the hysteretic energy dissipated by a structural member and a drift ratio related to failure in the structure. The index was calibrated against observed damage in laboratory tests of 76 RC column units under various protocols. Values obtained in this calibration had acceptable agreement with the levels of damage observed in the test specimens. An analysis of the parameters involved in the definition of the proposed damage index shows the importance of displacement history in the drift ratio capacity of structures. 相似文献
40.
This article presents a numerical study aimed at improving effectiveness of the isolation system of an actual building by adding magneto-rheological (MR) dampers that act in parallel to the existing rubber bearings (RB). The building itself is modeled with uniaxial elastic elements. Additional elements that include the RBs and the MR dampers are added at the base of the building and two different genetic algorithms are used to optimize operation of the MR dampers. Maximum acceleration and relative displacement at the top of the building are taken as the variables to be minimized. Records of destructive earthquakes are used as input. A comparison is made between the building responses with RB and the one with the additional control system. 相似文献