(Re)creating places and spaces in two countries: Brazilian transnational migration processes

Brazilian immigration to the United States is a relatively recent phenomenon that gained momentum in the 1980s in unprecedented numbers. Today an estimated 1.2 million Brazilians live in the United States. Brazilians (re)create transnational places and spaces through social, cultural, and economic practices, within the immigrant receiving communities of Marietta, Georgia, and Framingham, Massachusetts, in the United States. They also incorporate and add new elements to their livelihoods in the respective sending communities of Piracanjuba, in the state of Goiás, and Governador Valadares, in the state of Minas Gerais, in Brazil. How are these Portuguese-speaking Brazilian immigrants shaping and (re)creating new places and spaces? In what ways and spheres do transnational exchanges affect two places of destination in the United States and two places of origin in Brazil after migration occurs? Using multiple methods, which include in-depth interviews and participant observation, this paper addresses these questions by evaluating the changes incurred by migration. I use a framework perspective that is largely from outside the Latino/Hispanic context. Migration processes are just as much about those who leave Brazil for the United States as it is about those who return to Brazil (i.e. returnees) and what happens to those respective receiving and sending communities in both countries.     

THE CAPITAL AND THE CAMPUS—EACH IN ITS PROPER PLACE

A tension exists between government and the academy. State and federal agencies demand that colleges and universities demonstrate their accountability for public funds and to public policy initiatives. The campuses hold that such requirements have come to represent an inappropriate intrusion into institutional affairs and that they present a serious challenge to academic freedom. While a reduction and redirection of regulation may serve the colleges veil, a review of history indicates that the important developments in higher education have occurred during periods of government involvement. Perhaps, then, the real fear that should be felt on campus is the- recent trend of government disinterest in higher education.     

Practical Application of Digital Photogrammetry for Fieldwork in the American Midwest: An Example from the Middle Ohio Valley

The use of close-range digital photogrammetry for field documentation has been steadily increasing in the past half decade in several parts of the world. However, this technology has not been widely utilized in archaeological contexts in the American Midwest. We explore the utility of close-range photogrammetry in this region with examples from the Guard site (12D29), a Fort Ancient village located in southeastern Indiana. This article outlines the methods utilized for production of georeferenced 3-D models of several units excavated during the 2016 field season. These models as well as plan and profile orthophotos derived from them act as important supplements to standard photographs and drawings made in the field and easily integrate with the site GIS. Overall, we found close-range digital photogrammetry to be very useful to better document excavation details, doing so for limited cost and time expenditure.     

Export of environmental technologies by publicly owned companies: approaches,drivers and obstacles among Swedish municipal companies

This article focuses on the export of environmental technology by publicly owned companies. The export of such technologies has the potential to contribute to economic competitiveness and environmental sustainability. However, research on this emerging topic has so far largely focused on privately owned SMEs compared to publicly owned companies. Using interviews with 12 Swedish municipally owned companies which develop such systems and a survey with 36 others, we analyse their approaches, drivers for and obstacles to export. These companies use a combination of different approaches such as subsidiaries, independent projects, licensing and private-public partnerships to engage in export. However, in contrast to private companies which are often driven by internal factors such as extra sales, these municipally owned companies are largely motivated by external factors such as customer requests and opportunities to contribute to environmental sustainability. Furthermore, their main export barriers relate to differences between the business culture and political systems in their home and target markets. Their export experiences are influenced by their municipal ownership, the types of technologies they develop and the institutional contexts within which they operate. This study reveals an actor type struggling to find a balance between domestic obligations and commercialization in international markets.     

价值工程在重庆仙女山国家森林公园旅游项目开发决策中的应用

价值工程是一门技术、经济、管理交叉结合的新兴学科,被列为国际公认的六大现代管理技术之一,其目标是以最低的成本稳定实现所需功能,获取最佳综合效益,但这一技术在旅游行业中的应用还极为少见。本文以重庆仙女山国家森林公园为例,专门论述了在旅游项目开发中如何有效利用价值工程的思想方法和运行机制来增强旅游经济的运行质量和整体效益,解决旅游资源价值最大化的问题。