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121.
Carla Lancelotti Marco Madella P. Ajithprasad Cameron A. Petrie 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2010,2(4):307-320
This paper explores how mechanical properties of different South Asian tree taxa might influence charred wood fragmentation
and the composition of charcoal assemblages retrieved from archaeological contexts. The dataset is composed of selected plant
species that were collected in Gujarat (Northern India) in September 2007 as part of the North Gujarat Archaeological Project.
The taxa analysed represent the most common wood species found in the arid thorn scrubland formation in South Asia and are
among the most abundant identified in Neolithic and Chalcolithic archaeological sites in this area. The specimens have been
measured and subsequently charred at three different temperatures, under constant conditions. Afterwards, their resistance
to compression has been measured on two planes, parallel and perpendicular to the direction of fibres, using a Hounsfield
5-kN machine. The tests were performed in order to understand the different response to compressive stress of wood that has
been subject to a range of thermal degradations. The standardised treatment applied to the samples has permitted the comparison
of results and the delineation of simple correlations and divergences among the species analysed. Furthermore, the utilisation
of a relatively simple operating protocol easily allows the addition of further data in the future. The applied protocol was
specifically designed to answer archaeological questions. Therefore, even though from a material science point of view some
of the measurements were not taken according to the prevailing standard procedures, it offers valuable data for anthracological
research applied to archaeology in arid zones. 相似文献
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123.
The development of identification criteria for crop plants based on phytoliths is of high relevance for archaeology, palaeoecology and plant systematics. While identification criteria are available for major food crops, these are mostly based on phytoliths from inflorescences, while other plant parts remain undetected. This paper focuses on bilobate phytoliths from leaves of Panicum miliaceum L. (common millet) and Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv. (foxtail millet), two taxa that co-occur in regions of Asia and Europe since prehistory and regularly occur at archaeological sites in Eurasia. Leaves of the investigated taxa were systematically sampled to explore the variation of short cells and to collect 27 morphometric variables of bilobate phytoliths with newly developed open-source software. The data was analysed by discriminant analysis, analysis of variance and multiple comparison tests. The resulting morphometric data from five populations per species enables a distinction between the bilobate phytoliths of P. miliaceum and S. italica. Observed differences between populations within species affect only few parameters. This possibility to classify populations of bilobate phytoliths from P. miliaceum and S. italica leaves offers a new method for the detection and identification of these taxa in archaeology, amongst others. 相似文献
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126.
Paolo Ricci Vincenzo Manfredi Fabrizio Noto Marco Terrenzi Crescenzo Petrone Francesca Celano 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2018,22(10):105-139
ABSTRACTThis study investigates the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings designed according to the current Italian building code. Number of stories, site hazard, presence and distribution of masonry infill panels, and type of lateral resisting system are the key investigated parameters. The main issues related to design and modeling are discussed. Two Limit States are considered, namely Global Collapse and Usability-Preventing Damage. The main aim of the study is a comparison between the seismic response of the buildings, investigated through nonlinear static and dynamic analyses. Irregularity in the distribution of infill panels and site hazard emerge as the most influential parameters. 相似文献
127.
Marco Aurlio Garcia 《Gender & history》1999,11(3):461-474
Departing from some texts that examine women's participation in clandestine organisations in Brazil and Argentina during the 1960s and 1970s, the author discusses possibilities of a different approach towards the historiography of political action, particularly focusing on left-wing parties. Oral history contributes towards recovering subjectivity, a dimension little explored in political historiography. This dimension is usually confined to a private sphere that appears as radically severed from the public sphere. The articulation of these two spaces as well as tensions, conflicts and complementarities between masculine and feminine roles take the history of women away from the ghetto, allowing this new perspective to analyse political action in a complex way 相似文献
128.
Piero Mirti Marco Pace Mery Malandrino Mariamaddalena Negro Ponzi 《Journal of archaeological science》2009
Forty-seven glass fragments excavated at Veh Ardašīr, in central Iraq, were analysed by ICP-MS, determining 38 chemical elements; the samples represented finished objects as well as waste and raw glass. The obtained data point to the use of sodic plant ash for the production of glass in the entire Sasanian period (third–seventh century AD), strengthening previous results from another set of fragments from the same site. Magnesium and phosphorus contents give further evidence of the possible use of different kinds of plant ash, while trace element levels and some element correlations suggest the recourse to different silica sources. As a whole, the obtained results allow one to recognize three main glass compositions, related to the use of different silica sources combined with different kinds of plant ash. The occurrence of waste and raw glass in all groups of composition confirms that at least glass working took place in Veh Ardašīr. 相似文献
129.
Haagen D. Klaus Alicia K. Wilbur Daniel H. Temple Jane E. Buikstra Anne C. Stone Marco Fernandez Carlos Wester Manuel E. Tam 《Journal of archaeological science》2010
This paper examines skeletal and ancient DNA evidence in the study of suspected tuberculosis infection in the late pre-Hispanic and Colonial-era Lambayeque Valley Complex, north coast Peru (A.D. 900–1750). We integrate information on macroscopic lesion characteristics and distribution, radiographic and CT scan imagery, and analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex rpoB and IS6110 ancient DNA (aDNA) sequences. Destructive lesions were observed in the vertebral bodies of three precontact indigenous adult males, one colonial adolescent female, and in the cranium of a Colonial-period subadult. Assessment of lesion morphology and distribution led us to consider multiple diseases, but tuberculosis represents the most likely diagnostic option in all individuals. DNA was poorly preserved in all samples, but an IS6110 sequence was amplified in one precontact individual consistent with macroscopic diagnosis. These findings expand the geographic and temporal extent of tuberculosis to the late pre-Hispanic and Colonial north coast of Peru to highlight potential synergisms between diet, settlement patterns, and the evolution of Andean tuberculosis before and after European conquest. Moreover, this study helps focus several key questions in Andean tuberculosis research, including possible reassessment of the presence of the IS6110 sequence in the pre-Columbian Americas. Methodological considerations include differential diagnosis – especially with incomplete skeletons – and limitations of aDNA studies underscoring an approach integrating macroscopic, radiographic, and molecular lines of evidence in the paleopathological investigation of one of humankind’s most devastating and destabilizing diseases. 相似文献
130.