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71.
72.
In den Niederlanden spielen Raumordnung, Stadtentwicklung und St?dtebau eine bedeutende Rolle. Baukultur, Planungsmethoden
und Beteiligungsverfahren werden über die Grenzen des Landes hinaus diskutiert, niederl?ndische Architektur ist ein Exportschlager.
Der vorliegende Beitrag erl?utert das Planungsverst?ndnis und gibt eine Einführung in die Rahmenbedingungen der Stadtentwicklung;
er beschreibt die Randstad Holland und stellt bedeutende st?dtebauliche Projekte vor. Der Beitrag dient damit auch der Vorbereitung
einer Exkursion, die der Arbeitskreis Stadtentwicklung im Frühjahr 2003 unternimmt, um sich vor Ort mit Fragen der Stadtentwicklung
in den Niederlanden auseinanderzusetzen.
Correspondence to:Robert Fischer 相似文献
73.
Behavioural issues are a main focus of current Palaeolithic research, especially where the archaeological record of archaic hominids is concerned. Often these issues are approached using archaeological assemblages that are palimpsests defined exclusively by stratigraphic criteria. The aim of this paper is to discuss whether such assemblages are adequate for solving behavioural questions. As a case study, we will present the lithic provisioning strategies documented in level L of the Abric Romaní Middle Palaeolithic site. The results of this study suggest that the number of events and/or the amount of time included in the archaeological assemblages could be relevant when explaining the interassemblage variability, given that palimpsests tend to reduce the behavioural variability. If we want to approach the behavioural domain, we need archaeological assemblages of higher temporal resolution, defined through the identification of single activity events. 相似文献
74.
Joeri Kaal Antonio Martínez Cortizas Eileen Eckmeier Manuela Costa Casais Manuel Santos Estévez Felipe Criado Boado 《Journal of archaeological science》2008
The colluvial soils of Galicia (NW Spain) are records of Holocene environmental change. In spite of the omnipresence of charcoal fragments in these soils, the effect of fires on the development of the Galician landscape and the potential role of past societies are poorly understood. 相似文献
75.
MODELING SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION IN SPATIAL INTERACTION DATA: AN APPLICATION TO PATENT CITATION DATA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT Spatial interaction models of the gravity type are widely used to model origin–destination flows. They draw attention to three types of variables to explain variation in spatial interactions across geographic space: variables that characterize an origin region of a flow, variables that characterize a destination region of a flow, and finally variables that measure the separation between origin and destination regions. This paper outlines and compares two approaches, the spatial econometric and the eigenfunction‐based spatial filtering approach, to deal with the issue of spatial autocorrelation among flow residuals. An example using patent citation data that capture knowledge flows across 112 European regions serves to illustrate the application and the comparison of the two approaches. 相似文献
76.
Neural Network Modeling of Constrained Spatial Interaction Flows: Design, Estimation, and Performance Issues 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Manfred M Fischer Martin Reismann & Katerina Hlavackova–Schindler 《Journal of regional science》2003,43(1):35-61
In this paper a novel modular product unit neural network architecture is presented to model singly constrained spatial interaction flows. The efficacy of the model approach is demonstrated for the origin constrained case of spatial interaction using Austrian interregional telecommunication traffic data. The model requires a global search procedure for parameter estimation, such as the Alopex procedure. A benchmark comparison against the standard origin constrained gravity model and the two–stage neural network approach, suggested by Openshaw (1998), illustrates the superiority of the proposed model in terms of the generalization performance measured by ARV and SRMSE. 相似文献
77.
Manfred M. Fischer Jürgen Essletzbichler Helmut Gassler Gerhard Trichtl 《Geographical analysis》1993,25(3):224-233
Two alternative methodological approaches (the IPFP-based and the intramax procedures) to the problem of pattern identification in spatial interaction data are compared and evaluated in this paper. After a general discussion of the major characteristics and shortcomings of these methodologies, the paper presents the findings of a case study relying on telecommunication data measured by the Austrian PTT in 1991, in terms of erlangs. The results clearly illustrate the superiority of the intramax approach in the context of medium-sized and relatively centralized flow systems. 相似文献
78.
Abstract. This article analyses the impact of the Barcelona 1992 Olympic Games on national integration and national identity in Spain with respect to the conflict of interests that developed around the Games between the centre and Catalonia. We argue that polarisation along nationalist lines was limited in large part because national identity in Spain today is not predominantly a unitary and exclusive entity. Dual identity, loyalty to both Spain, on the one hand, and to one's region, or nation as in the case of Catalonia, on the other, and inclusive nationalism that does not aim at complete national independence, increasingly have tended to predominate in the last decade and a half. The Olympics, then, not only polarised relations between Catalonia and Spain, they also served to accommodate antagonisms between them and thus to maintain a delicate, fragile balance of power in the new España de las autonomías. 相似文献
79.
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