全文获取类型
收费全文 | 66篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 1篇 |
2016年 | 1篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 6篇 |
2012年 | 3篇 |
2011年 | 6篇 |
2010年 | 2篇 |
2009年 | 2篇 |
2008年 | 1篇 |
2007年 | 1篇 |
2006年 | 1篇 |
2005年 | 1篇 |
2003年 | 2篇 |
2002年 | 1篇 |
2001年 | 2篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1965年 | 1篇 |
1964年 | 1篇 |
1960年 | 3篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有68条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
This paper attempts to develop a mathematically rigid and unified framework for neural spatial interaction modeling. Families of classical neural network models, but also less classical ones such as product unit neural network ones are considered for the cases of unconstrained and singly constrained spatial interaction flows. Current practice appears to suffer from least squares and normality assumptions that ignore the true integer nature of the flows and approximate a discrete‐valued process by an almost certainly misrepresentative continuous distribution. To overcome this deficiency we suggest a more suitable estimation approach, maximum likelihood estimation under more realistic distributional assumptions of Poisson processes, and utilize a global search procedure, called Alopex, to solve the maximum likelihood estimation problem. To identify the transition from underfitting to overfitting we split the data into training, internal validation, and test sets. The bootstrapping pairs approach with replacement is adopted to combine the purity of data splitting with the power of a resampling procedure to overcome the generally neglected issue of fixed data splitting and the problem of scarce data. In addition, the approach has power to provide a better statistical picture of the prediction variability. Finally, a benchmark comparison against the classical gravity models illustrates the superiority of both, the unconstrained and the origin constrained neural network model versions in terms of generalization performance measured by Kullback and Leibler's information criterion. 相似文献
42.
43.
The paper integrates several important elements of the institutionalized and regulated nature of the housing market and analyzes the relationship between household type and housing choice in Vienna within a nested multinomial logit framework. In particular, the concept of household specific choice sets is used to account for institutional, informational and income-based constraints of the choice process. Government subsidies (such as housing and rent allowances, non-interest-bearing state loans) are explicitly taken into account in the definition of variables. Housing choice is considered in three stages: the choice of a dwelling unit given dwelling type and residential zone, the choice of a dwelling type given residential zone, and the marginal choice of a residential zone. The coefficients are derived by means of a sequential ML-procedure. The empirical results clearly indicate that demographic variables have significant impacts on housing choice behavior. Income as a single explanatory variable as well as its interacting with size measures and the quality of the house are found to be important criteria for dwelling unit choice, as housing cost variables for dwelling type choice behavior. The dwelling unit and dwelling type choice submodels fit reasonably well, whereas the residential zone model is less successful. 相似文献
44.
45.
Manfred Mayrhofer 《Indo-Iranian Journal》1958,2(1):1-7
Ohne ZusammenfassungWilhelm Brandenstein zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet. 相似文献
46.
47.
48.
Manfred Mayrhofer 《Indo-Iranian Journal》1960,4(4):318
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
49.
Manfred Svensson 《History of European Ideas》2017,43(4):302-316
ABSTRACTThe present article compares John Locke’s and John Owen’s approaches to toleration. Owen, a towering figure of the Puritan revolution and a Protestant scholastic whose work is still the object of significant appreciation in Reformed circles, was Locke’s dean during his time as a student in Oxford. There is a number of treatises on toleration by Owen, especially during the mid-1640s, and later again after the Restoration, in his role as a nonconforming divine. There has also been some speculation regarding the involvement of both Owen and Locke in the circle around Shaftesbury. Together with their writings against Parker and Stillingfleet, this would seem to draw Owen and Locke quite close to each other. Both authors are, however, divided in their approach to Christian doctrine: Owen represents classical confessionalism and Locke modern doctrinal minimalism. The article explores the ways in which these oppositional approaches to doctrine relate to their views of toleration. 相似文献
50.
This paper attempts to develop a mathematically rigid framework for minimizing the cross-entropy function in an error backpropagating framework. In doing so, we derive the backpropagation formulae for evaluating the partial derivatives in a computationally efficient way. Various techniques of optimizing the multiple-class cross-entropy error function to train single hidden layer neural network classifiers with softmax output transfer functions are investigated on a real-world multispectral pixel-by-pixel classification problem that is of fundamental importance in remote sensing. These techniques include epoch-based and batch versions of backpropagation of gradient descent, PR-conjugate gradient, and BPGS quasi-Newton errors. The method of choice depends upon the nature of the learning task and whether one wants to optimize learning for speed or classification performance. It was found that, comparatively considered, gradient descent error backpropagation provided the best and most stable out-of-sample performance results across batch and epoch-based modes of operation. If the goal is to maximize learning speed and a sacrifice in classification accuracy is acceptable, then PR-conjugate gradient error backpropagation tends to be superior. If the training set is very large, stochastic epoch-based versions of local optimizers should be chosen utilizing a larger rather than a smaller epoch size to avoid unacceptable instabilities in the classification results. 相似文献