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Malcolm Macmillan 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2013,22(2):150-152
Some of the problems of establishing the cause of the death of Alexander the Great are like the attempts to find causes other than hysteria for Anna O.’s symptoms. The more general problem of using plausibility as a criterion of the truth of such reconstructions are illustrated by the arguments embedded in Tom Stoppard’s Arcadia. 相似文献
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Malcolm Macmillan 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2013,22(4):297-325
Neurosurgery for the removal of brain tumours based on localising signs is usually dated from the 1884 operation by Bennett and Godlee. However, within weeks of that operation claims were made on behalf of William Macewen, the Glasgow surgeon, to have been the real pioneer of such surgery. According to Macewen's protagonists, he had conducted seven similar operations earlier than Bennett and Godlee and, in a notable 1888 address, Macewen described these seven pre-1884 cases and a number of others operated on after 1884. This paper, which is in two parts, contains an evaluation of the claims made for the priority of Macewen's pre-1884 operations. Part I deals mainly with Macewen's work in fields other than brain surgery that are relevant to it and sets out the facts of the controversy. It begins with a brief biography of Macewen, describes his pioneering work in antiseptic and aseptic surgery, his work on osteotomy and bone regeneration, and his use in brain surgery of the knowledge so gained. Part I concludes with an examination of the battle waged in the newspapers between Macewen's and Bennett's and Godlee's supporters, and of previously unpublished correspondence between Macewen himself, David Ferrier and Hughes Bennett. The primary records of the patients on whom Macewen operated, together with other materials relevant to the controversy, are examined in Part II. 相似文献
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Malcolm Macmillan 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2013,22(1):46-66
September 13 1998 marked the 150th anniversary of the accident to Phineas Gage, one of the most famous cases of survival after massive injury to the brain, and certainly the most famous case of personality change after brain damage. For this article a sample of the current literature about Gage was examined. It was found that although his case is mentioned in about 60% of introductory textbooks in psychology, there is a good deal of inaccuracy in what has been written about him. Similar inaccuracy was found in a smaller sampling of the psychiatric, medical, physiological, linguistic, and general neuroscientific literature. The main basis of the inaccuracies is an ignorance or disregard of what is contained in the primary sources about Gage, coupled with a tendency to attribute to him characteristics that belong to other cases of frontal damage. The errors and their bases are discussed in an endeavour to restore the picture of Gage to its original state. The paper includes an Appendix of verbatim quotations from the primary sources that can be compared with the later, inaccurate renditions. 相似文献
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Frank Mitchell Cyril Halstead E. G. Bowen Patrick Hamilton G. Malcolm Lewis Kenneth Maclean 《Scottish Geographical Journal》2013,129(1):62-63
The Geomorphology of the British Isles series: Ireland. By G. L. H. Davies and N. Stephens. 21 × 14, 250 pp. Methuen, 1978. £7.95. Causes of Climate by J. G. Lockwood. 24 × 16, 10 + 260 pp. 22 photos, 102 diagrams, 34 tables, index (to text only), glossary. Edward Arnold, 1979. £5.95. Humanistic Geography: Prospects and Problems. Edited by David Ley and Marwyn Samuels, i‐viii. 23 × 16, 337 pp. Croom Helm, London, 1978. £11.95. South America. By Arthur Morris. 25 × 19, 271 pp., 59 maps and diagrams, 43 plates, appendices, bibliography, index. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1979. Paper, £5.45. The Fur Trade of the American West, 1807–1840. By D. J. Wishart. 22.5 x 14.5, 237 pp. Illustrations, references, bibliography, index. Croom Helm, London, 1979. £12.95. Outlook Geography: Worldscapes. A. Ayres et al. 25 × 19, 136 pp. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1978. £2.45. The Changing Geography of Britain. By W. E. Marsden. 25 × 19, 196 pp. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh, 1978. £2.50. 相似文献
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The significance of Demodocus' reference back in time to Odysseus' device of the Wooden Horse and its rôle in the sack of Troy is examined. In keeping with recent work on story-telling in Homer, the reference's details and emphases are shown to be subtly programmatic for Odysseus' presentation in the remainder of the epic. 相似文献
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