氯离子选择性电极测定铁器碱性脱盐溶液中 氯离子的含量

在铁质文物的保护过程中,脱盐是重要的保护程序之一。通常铁器的脱盐溶液为碱性。本工作主要研究氯离子选择性电极法在测定碱性脱盐溶液中的氯离子含量时,溶液pH值和复配溶液中的表面活性剂对测定结果的影响。实验结果表明:(1)用氯离子选择性电极法测定碱性脱盐溶液或复配碱性脱盐溶液中的氯离子浓度是可行的;(2)溶液的pH值对测量结果有一定的影响,当溶液pH值在2～7范围内时,其对电位值影响不大;(3)表面活性剂对测量结果影响较小,在实际应用中,应配制与待测溶液组分相同的氯离子标准溶液,后期数据处理并绘制标准曲线,以使测量结果尽可能接近实际值。精密度和回收率实验表明,该方法准确度满足定量分析的要求。由此可见,当脱盐溶液为碱性NaOH或复配碱性NaOH溶液时,用氯离子选择性电极实时监测脱盐溶液中的氯离子含量能较好地反映器物脱盐程度。     

服务蓝图：国际上最新旅游服务设计方法

服务设计是服务质量管理的重要环节,良好的服务设计是保障服务质量的先决条件。服务蓝图是现今国际上极为流行的服务设计方法,本针对旅行社的具体情况,以案例形式介绍这种先进方法。     

现代旅游信息管理系统(TIMS)的构建

旅游信息管理系统的开发与应用是推动当前旅游业发展的一重要因素。本文根据目前我国众多已投入使用的旅游信息管理系统的现状,就该类系统的功能改进、数据库重新设计及系统建设和运行机制等问题,提出了自己的一些新看法。在具备传统的基本功能基础上,现代旅游信息管理系统要加强为企业经营决策、区域旅游开发决策服务的功能;旅游信息数据库的设计也要以这一功能的实现为目标做出相应调整;在系统的建设过程中要坚持政府统筹管理、景区自主开发的原则。     

对徐州龟山和狮子山汉墓结构的几点认识

本文主要通过对徐州地区发现的两座楚王墓--龟山汉墓和狮子山汉墓结构设计、建造以及陪葬品等方面的讨论,进一步说明徐州地区楚王陵的结构形制特点,使我们对西汉葬制有较为深入的认识.     

唐敦煌县令宋素墓志再考——敦煌相关金石整理研究之二

唐敦煌县令宋素墓志,近年出土于陕西华阴,志石、志盖均保存完好。传世史籍及出土文献中有关唐初敦煌县令等任职人员的记载十分有限,根据志文我们可推算宋素担任敦煌县令的大致时间。通过对有纪年的唐初敦煌写卷进行梳理,可粗略了解宋素担任敦煌县令前后敦煌当地的社会状况。该墓志的发现不仅可补传世文献的不足,且或将有助于当前的敦煌学研究。     

藤花落史前城址的几个问题

本文通过对《藤花落》报告的层位学、类型学分析,将藤花落城址相关的遗存分为四期,并在此基础上对藤花落城址进行了研究,认为该城址的城墙上和壕沟内的柱洞属于栅栏遗留,栅栏是与城墙、城壕等一体的防御设施;藤花落龙山文化遗存属尧王城类型,晚期文化面貌发生改变与王油坊类型龙山文化的东传有关。     

走马楼简"荩钱"考

长沙走马楼三国吴简中可见为数不少关于“钱”的记录,应反映三国孙吴所征各项税收。本文试结合史料,对其中“荩钱”的含义进行探讨。“荩钱”可能就是秦汉时常见的刍稿税。李均明先生提出简文原为“刍钱”而误作“荩钱”,更加证明了这种可能性。     

Cultivation of Naked Barley by Early Iron Age Agro-pastoralists in Xinjiang,China

ABSTRACT

We report an archaeobotanical analysis of flotation samples taken from Shirenzigou, an Early Iron Age agro-pastoralist site dated between the fourth and first century BC, located on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. The charred macro-botanical assemblage is dominated by naked barley grains with a few broomcorn and foxtail millet grains. In the context of Trans-Eurasian exchange of cereal crops, southwest Asian crops (wheat and barley) and two Asian millets (broomcorn and foxtail) were introduced to Xinjiang a few centuries to a millennium before Shirenzigou was occupied. The choice of barley cultivation in preference to wheat and millet may have been possibly driven by the relatively extreme local environment and the scheduling requirements of mobile pastoralism. Barley is well suited to this environment, and the choice of naked barley in preference to hulled barley may have been driven by the whole grain tradition prevailing in East Asia.     

Multi‐analytical Studies of Archaeological Chinese Earthen Plasters: The Inner Wall of the Longhu Hall (Yuzhen Palace,Ancient Building Complex,Wudang Mountains,China)

The Yuzhen Palace is one of the nine palaces in the Ancient Building Complex built by order of the Yongle Emperor during the Ming dynasty. The buildings were built with dressed black bricks. As a result of the planned national South–North Water Diversion project, the water level in the Danjiangkou Reservoir that surrounds the Yuzhen Palace was expected to rise by approximately 15 m. To avoid submersion of the site, three gates were elevated by 15 m in 2013 and other buildings dismantled, for later reconstruction. The characterization of the construction materials has therefore become of primary importance. Here, we present results on the plasters of the Longhu Hall. The analysis of materials involved a multi‐analytical approach combining optical and electron microscopy with X‐ray and vibrational spectromicroscopies and thermogravimetry. The results indicated the use of two earthen plaster layers and a whitewash finish coating applied over a thin preparatory intermediate layer to improve the adherence of the finish coating to the earthen plaster. Ramie and straw fibres identified in the earthen plasters were added to reduce shrinkage and cracking during drying. The raw materials used and the application technique pointed to a well‐established construction industry using traditional earthen building materials together with lime technology.