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481.
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Xicheng Zhang Chenwei Wu Jianyang Xue Hui Ma 《International Journal of Architectural Heritage》2020,14(8):1252-1268
ABSTRACT This article presents a study of the applicability of fast nonlinear analytical (FNA) models in predicting the global response of Chinese traditional timber-frame building with Dou-Gon under seismic excitation. Efforts are made to overcome challenges in establishing simplified calculation models, and the corresponding dynamic equations are derived considering the mechanical behavior of sliding column root, mortise-tenon joint and Dou-Gon (bracket sets). Furthermore, nonlinear time-history analysis is conducted under different seismic excitations. Through a verification study, a good correspondence is obtained with previous shake-table test results. Seismic response analysis is also conducted to investigate the energy dissipation of column root sliding, mortise-tenon joint, and Dou-Gon. Subsequently, peak responses of column root and roof under increased values of peak ground acceleration (PGA) are also analyzed. And then, seismic isolation ability and damping characteristics of the model are discussed. 相似文献
483.
Low‐temperature vitreous materials fluxed with lead (and barium) appeared in the early Warring States period (c.fifth century bce ) in ancient China. A range of lead vitreous products fluxed with the same agent, including faience/glass beads, glazed pottery and Chinese blue (purple) pigment, were developed subsequently. This study carries out scientific analysis of six vitreous beads unearthed from the Zhaitouhe cemetery site in northern Shaanxi dating to the early and middle Warring States period to investigate their chemical composition, microstructure and coloration. The lead (and barium) vitreous beads identified here are some of the earliest lead vitreous materials discovered in China so far, and therefore important for the study of the development of lead vitreous technologies in ancient China. This paper also points out that it is meaningful to evaluate the lead glass, glazed pottery and barium copper silicate pigments as a whole technological assemblage given their close relationships. 相似文献
484.
For centuries, the architecture of the Palace Museum represented the highest standard of Chinese architecture. The Yangxin Palace of the Palace Museum consisted of 18 masonry buildings built using bricks, wood, roof tiles and various mortars. In 2016, a five‐year project was initiated to work on the maintenance and restoration of the Yangxin Palace buildings. The characterization of the construction materials has become of primary importance, in order to obtain information about the raw ingredients and building technology of the mortars, and the history of possible previous restorations. In this paper, 12 different samples representing three types of mortar‐based materials—namely, jointing mortars between the bricks on the wall, and surface plasters as well as mortars used on the roof—were collected for analysis from the Yanxi Hall of the Yangxin Palace. Analysis into the composition, grain‐size distribution, organic and fibre additives and testing of the mortar density and water absorption were performed. Starch, protein and plant fibres were identified in some of the samples. Brucite, mullite and ettringite were detected within most mortars on the roof, possibly originating from the furnace slag added into the raw materials for restoration purposes. The analytical results will serve as a critical reference for the maintenance and restoration of the buildings in the Yangxin Palace. 相似文献
485.
To produce useful information about the raw materials used in northern Chinese Yaozhou celadon glazes Chinese glazes (especially the source of the calcium‐bearing flux), Sr isotope analysis has been used for the first time. Yaozhou celadon is one of the most important representatives of northern Chinese greenware. The study has enhanced our understanding of the raw material sources used to make Yaozhou glazes dating from the Tang to Northern Song dynasties. It is highly likely that ‘Fuping stone’ mentioned in the historical record is not the main raw material used to make Yaozhou celadon glazes of the Tang to Northern Song dynasties. The results of 87Sr/86Sr analysis of the Yaozhou celadon glazes studied produce relatively consistent 87Sr/86Sr isotopic signatures, with a wide variation of relatively high Sr concentrations. This is firm evidence that a calcium‐bearing plant ash was the source of the calcium and of the flux in the Celedon glazes studied, and not, as some have suggested, limestone or ‘Liaojiang stone’. The study had illustrated that the present approach has great potential in providing a new way of reconstructing porcelain glaze technology. 相似文献
486.
There has been a recent increase of interest within the academic literature on the justice issues posed by climate change and the human responses to its present and forecasted effects. In two parts (here and in a previous article), we review and synthesize the recent literature by asking what climate justice concerns have been identified within three related realms: (i) the characterization of climate change itself and the assignment of responsibility for that change; (ii) the differential or uneven impacts of climate change; and (iii) the actions taken to address the problems associated with climate change, including both mitigation and adaptation. Here in Part 2, we focus on the justice concerns of climate action, examining the scholarship on climate change mitigation mechanisms formulated at the international level (i.e., REDD+, CDM) and climate change adaptation projects and finance. We argue that geographers are well‐positioned to conduct (and already well engaged in) research on the local climate justice paradoxes emerging from the currently uncritical focus of climate action policy on justice at the level of the national state. 相似文献
487.
Since 2003, the Qing History Committee has been allocating huge funds to digitize a total number of 34 archival holdings and to build a password‐protected archival database of over 1.5 million files. Because the database is currently only open to researchers who are affiliated with the Qing history project, international scholars might not be aware of its existence. This article intends to offer an overview of the scope and progress of the digitization works funded by the Qing History Committee and the structure and content of the database. We would also like to share our experience of using this database to organize archival files. 相似文献
488.
甘肃有着大量珍贵的历史文物和遗迹 ,由于历史原因和各种条件的制约 ,文物工作存在的困难和问题较多。西部大开发战略为甘肃文物事业的发展提供了难得的历史机遇。文物部门将在有效保护好文物资源的前提下 ,更加充分地进行合理利用 ,使文物保护与旅游紧密结合 ,为发展经济服务。 相似文献
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490.
既往研究认为军机大臣翁同龢是联系光绪帝与变法领袖康有为的桥梁,他曾向皇帝举荐过康氏,在戊戌变法中扮演了极为重要的角色。然而,这种说法并无事实依据。真正的荐康者应是户部左侍郎、总理衙门大臣张荫桓。甲午至戊戌时期康有为在京政治活动的“谋主”正是张氏。他不仅全力支持胶州湾事件后康氏的上书活动,并且在召对时推荐康氏的变法书籍,积极推动康氏进用。翁同龢作为知情者,在办理公务的层面,曾给予谨慎的支持,但并未“荐康”。翁、康关系始终比较疏远。翁同龢“荐康”的说法出现于政变后,首倡者为流亡海外的康有为。翁氏“荐康”的官方定论,则是政变后清廷派系斗争的产物。 相似文献