登封王城岗城址与禹都阳城

20世纪后半叶与21世纪之初,在河南省登封市告成镇的王城岗遗址,先后发现了两座河南龙山文化晚期小城与一座大城,根据碳十四测定的城址年代数据,结合历史文献记载,可以认为王城岗小城为鲧作之城与禹避舜子商均所居的阳城,王城岗大城则是禹都阳城.     

古陶瓷鉴定之我见

陶瓷是土与火的完美结合,是自然与智慧的结晶。中国历史悠久,陶瓷文化更是不断发展与积淀,由小到大、由少到多、由低到高、由简到繁,给我们留下了难以忘怀的艺术魅力和工艺技法。     

回望麻地沟最后一次目连戏演出

在距民和县城20多公里的西沟乡麻地沟一带,原有演出目连戏的习俗,从正月十五开始,连演半月。剧本内容和表演形式均与其他地方有很大不同,它虽也演绎着“目连救母”的故事,但是以演员赤脚上“刀山”为结束,所以,当地乡民又将这一活动称为“刀山会”。2004年1月,笔者随同文化部民族民间文艺发展中心的部分专家对麻地沟目连戏的最后一次（1945年）的演出情况进行调查,现根据有关当事人对麻地沟“刀山会”的回忆,撰成此文,以飨读者。     

雨夜出租车

二十年前,我在大学教书。有一年的夏天,我所在的教研室正忙着准备搞一次高等院校的美学研讨会。给我具体指派的任务就是晚上去火车站接一位老教授。     

Structural Funds of the European Union in Poland—Experience of the First Period of Membership

The aim of this article is to present the results of the first period of taking advantage of Structural Funds in Poland. The analysis refers to realisation of the planned activities in the strategic document which is the National Development Plan 2004–2006, being a base of the new model of the Polish regional policy. The obtained results show the level of success of Structural Funds including the structure being a result of Operational Programmes which are a part of the National Development Plan, and the structure of beneficiaries, among which the listed ones are: units of local governments, businessmen, non-governmental organizations and educational institutions. In each case the analysis includes regional differences of the absorption process which allows us to define the influence of Structural Funds on changes of regional economic development in Poland.     

In the front line: women,work and new spaces of labour politics in Poland

Pessimistic accounts of women's lives in post-communist Poland view women as powerless and passive victims of the transformation process. In contrast, this article argues that while political change and the restructuring of the economy have closed down some spaces of articulation and organisation, others have opened up. The article focuses on the way in which women in their spheres of work are shaping and actively resisting change through new organisations and individual and collective actions, which are in some ways a break with the past, but in other ways build on previous forms of activity. The work draws on qualitative research conducted over the last decade across Poland. This has coupled extensive interviews with women workers, national and regional trade union leaders, activists and feminists in a number of major Polish cities with reviews of Polish media and policy. We examine the economic and ideological context in which these new articulations are taking place, against the background of Poland's post-war communism and the rise of opposition movements. We look at the neoliberal restructuring of the economy and the implications for women within the labour market and in their domestic lives. In particular, we examine initiatives from below in workplace organisation, by focusing on new unions and new actions in the public sector, and the beginnings of organisation in the new areas of the economy such as supermarkets. Finally, we look at how women are articulating their interests beyond formal workplaces. We conclude that we should be optimistic about these new spaces of activism. While some are well established, others are embryonic but provide a strong foundation on which women can increase their participation in spaces that promote their varied interests.     

国民政府对贵州石门坎苗民基督教文化的改造政策

清末英国传教士来贵州石门坎传播基督教、办学校、创苗文、改良习俗,兴办公益事业等,对石门坎苗族社会文化产生深远影响,形成了以石门坎为中心辐射滇川黔边的特殊文化区域。20世纪三十年代开始,石门坎异文化引起国民政府(含地方政府)的重视,各级政府多次派人调查和视察此地,在调查研究基础上,制定政策对石门坎基督教文化进行改造,通过建立保甲制度和国民党基层党部,开发石门坎经济,发展文化教育等,推行民族同化政策。     

史前小型玉璧研究

史前小型玉璧主要发现于东北与环太湖地区,两地渊源有自,独立发展,其中东北地区到红山文化中晚期发展成大小有序的组璧,而环太湖地区则被大型玉璧所取代,均成为当时原始礼制的重要组成部分。黄河中下游地区则既吸收了红山文化的因素,也吸收了良渚文化的因素,此种兼容并收的开放胸怀最终导致了本地区率先迈入文明的门槛。     

新疆历史纵论

章对新疆历史研究做了宏观探讨,认为研究新疆历史首先要站在历史的脊梁上观察历史,既要了解我们先辈对新疆的开拓和开发,也要了解前人对新疆的探索和研究;众多民族共同创造了新疆的历史和新疆是统一多民族国家不可分割的一部分,是我们认识新疆历史的出发点和归宿点;历代王朝对新疆的治理,新疆是各民族共同生活的大家园而不是哪一个民族的家园,多种宗教在碰撞中并存,多元化的共存、交融与互补,屯垦戍边的历史与现实证明了其必要性和合理性,构成了新疆历史发展的五个基本问题;以往了解历史是为了研究历史,现在研究历史是为了更好地了解现状和解决现实中的问题,这是我们研究新疆历史应该注意到的。     

The digital restoration of painted patterns on the No. 2 Qin bronze chariot based on hyperspectral imaging

The No. 2 Qin bronze chariot unearthed from Qinshihuang's Mausoleum is world famous for its huge size and colourful painted patterns. However, since it had been buried for a long time and was affected by its harsh environment, its painted patterns have been severely damaged. The traditional restoration methods, which mainly rely on expert experience, are manual, inefficient and lack scientific support. Moreover, to protect the important cultural relics, any invasive operations, such as sampling analysis, are strictly prohibited. This paper presents a method that combines hyperspectral imaging and computer technology for the digital virtual restoration of the bronze chariot's patterns. It is non-destructive, more efficient and more scientific. The method reproduces the damaged patterns with the following approaches: restoring the missing edges of the patterns; and distinguishing the different pigments. The obtained result implies that the method can digitally reproduce some of the damaged patterns, and that it can be used as a reference for recreating the patterns of the other painted bronze.