Near infrared spectroscopy as a tool for archaeological wood characterization

Archaeological wood, as most of natural materials, is slowly decomposing on the archaeological site due to various biological factors. Rapid and accurate estimation of the degradation level is extremely important for optimal restoration and conservation. The goal of this research was to verify the effectiveness of Fourier transform near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy for archaeometry. The important advantage of the NIR spectroscopy is its accuracy, simplicity and ability to perform very high number of tests without needs of any destruction to the workpiece. Five oak pieces of the archaeological wood collected from waterlogged sites in Poland have been used. Cellulose and lignin contents, as well as crystallinity and the degree of polymerization were measured with standard reference methods and compared to the contemporary wood. The near infrared spectra represent all the physical/chemical changes of the wood due to waterlogging. This technique was successfully validated in rapid estimation of the cellulose and lignin contents. The method explored in this research might be a novel tool assisting experts in evaluation of the degradation state of archaeological and historical wooden materials.     

THE FLOURISHING MYRICARIA DESV OF NGARI

<正>Myricaria Desv,known locally as to Myricaria Elegance,is a common plant on the plateau in Ngari.It has to be tough enough to survive on the plateau,put down roots,blossom and bear fruit profusely.Nevertheless, it never asks for repayment from either     

浅析文物鉴定的有效方法

目前文物鉴定的方法主要有传统鉴定法和现代科学技术鉴定法两种。传统鉴定法包括分类法、比较鉴定法、辨别鉴定法和综合考察法,现代科学技术鉴定法包括运用现代科技对文物进行年代测定、成分分析鉴定和对文物、史迹的调查分析。     

试论写意性油画对中国传统文化精神的传承

中国油画家在学习和借鉴西方现代绘画观念、思想、技法的同时,受中国几千年传统思想意识和古代哲学、美学等文化的熏陶以及中国画中写意性语言的影响,经过几代人不懈的努力和探索,形成了具有自己独特风格的画面效果和表现形式,突出了油画的写意性特色.     

识人缘于文

我与李耀祖先生从未见过面,在李先生的诗集《七彩黑林河》出版发行座谈会上,第一次与先生晤面。李先生的诗文近百首,有不少作品真实生动地记录了他一生的坎坷命运和生活历程。就像他那个时代知识分子所     

源远流长的撒拉族刺绣

撒拉族是一个古老的民族,主要生活在青海省循化撒拉族自治县。撒拉族刺绣是撒拉人以勤劳和智慧创造的一门艺术,不仅形式多样,工艺精湛,更因其丰富的内涵而大放异彩。没有文字的撒拉族,天才地运用了刺绣,表达民族迁徙、民族生息繁衍的历史,再现风情民俗,寄其精神向往。     

From the Opposite Corner: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on American Archaeology in European Publications

We see what we are prepared to see. Scientific research aims at breaking down this situation, analysing its subjects/objects of study from different points of view. Although multiple meanings can be derived from every question and a myriad of positions can be adopted, some are bound to be silenced by traditional criteria of authenticity. Archaeology is not an exception to this: the prevailing agenda severely impacts on our perception of what archaeological practice consists. In turn, its ethos is recreated as part of our own identity processes through our productions, whether by passively accepting monolithic standards or by dynamically proposing alternative positions in response. The study of the prehistoric and colonial periods in America can be a good test bed for surveying the influence of academic background upon the analysis of human history. Here we review two Spanish journals of American studies to discuss the different orientations of the authors according to their provenance. Plotted against the country represented by the authors, we consider his/her research as regards the object of study (ie. artefacts/written sources), its origin, chronology and, finally, the aim of the paper. We found interesting orientations in relation to focus on particular subjects, most probably conditioned by the ontology of the researchers. Although the selection is quite taxative, it may usefully complement studies carried out in the Americas.     

唐代镂空刻花涂金银香球及其西传

上世纪后半叶西安郊区出土四批八件银香球,其内部结构设计奇巧,设计原理与现代陀螺仪中的万向支架相同。在马穆鲁克王朝统治下的埃及和叙利亚,金属匠师对唐代香球进行了非常精确的仿制。13-15,世纪香球及其制造技术西传欧洲,对其时的科学技术发展产生了深远影响。     

论晋南曲沃羊舌村出土的史前玉神面

2006年4月在山西省曲沃县羊舌村两周之际的晋侯大墓Ml出土了一件玉神面(以下简称羊舌村玉神面),青白色,玉质莹润,扁平状,通高约7、宽4.8、厚0.8厘米(图一)①.此类玉饰在国内外均有收藏,但有明确出土地点的仅有湖北、陕西、河南及江西等地.     

秦俑博物馆陶器库房空气污染的物理化特征及其对彩绘陶器的影响

2007年冬季在秦始皇兵马俑博物馆陶器库开展了室内大气污染系列采样工作,持续31天,使用Minivol便携式气溶胶采样仪采集了大气颗粒物样品（PM2．5）,利用AreaRAE—IAQ（PGM5220）测定了库内的微气候特征。结果表明,冬季兵马俑陶器库中的PM2．5的平均质量浓度为76．1μg／m3,明显低于室外,PM25中水溶性离子主要由SO4^3-、NO^3-和NH4^＋组成,与室外相同,表明库内污染物主要受室外控制,而且库内颗粒物偏酸性,库内温差较大,由于颗粒物偏酸性可能会对库内的陶器彩绘颜料中的碳酸钙、碳酸钡及硅酸铜钡等成分产生不利影响,颗粒物的悬浮与沉降也可能会对彩绘产生污损,此外库内剧烈的温度变化也可能会对彩绘陶器的保存带来不利影响。