过渡金属离子与有机物对钢铁的缓蚀协同效应

从过渡金属离子的特点、过渡金属离子对钢铁的缓释作用机理、及其与有机物对钢铁的缓释协同等方面,较全面地综述了过渡金属离子与有机物缓蚀体系应用于钢铁的研究现状,并结合铁质文物保护技术要求,提出了模拟制作铁质文物试片,选择合适的过渡金属离子与有机物,借鉴现代钢铁缓释剂研究的分析技术,开展铁质文物保护研究课题的技术路线.     

“元王诗”考索

自宋代以来,《汉书》所载元王诗多被人目为《鲁诗》,但其证据存在诸多疑点。因此,考察《元王诗》的归属是进一步地弄清汉代《诗经》传承版图的一个重要内容。本文从《元王诗》被看作《鲁诗》的过程出发,具体分析了《元王诗》非《鲁诗》的原因,并比对了刘向《诗》学观点与楚元王封地附近的汉代《诗》简,从而最终判定《元王诗》是汉代《诗经》传授中的独立一支,刘向所习主要是《元王诗》而非《鲁诗》。所以从刘向《诗》学中辑考的鲁诗也非《鲁诗》。     

瓷釉色彩语词的跨文化语义焦点——以青釉为例

在跨文化语境下,色彩词是怎样命名的?相近意义的色彩词有没有语义流变或焦点?同音异字的汉语色彩词组与色彩词的语义比较是怎样的?本文将探讨色彩词的建构与文化影响,使人们在不同文化语境下了解和探讨瓷釉色彩的深层含义,以便合理应用。     

Tactical Flexibility: Libyan Foreign Policy under Qadhafi, 1969–2004*

On September 1, 1969, a group of junior Libyan Army officers took control of the Libyan government in a bloodless coup d'état. After the coup, the group formed the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), chaired by Muammar al‐Qadhafi. In the four decades following, Libya faced numerous foreign policy challenges. The Qadhafi regime took on a distinctly anticolonial flavor that mirrored the revolutionary political trends of Egypt under of Gamal Abdul Nasser. This change in foreign policy posture shook Libya's relations with the United States and the United Kingdom and initiated the degradation of Libyan–Western ties. Under Qadhafi's leadership, Libya chose an ideological path for that focused on the strengthening of sovereignty while pursuing policies of unity and anti‐imperialism. This often put Libya at loggerheads with the West, and at times with its neighbors. Nevertheless, Qadhafi maintained popularity among his constituency. ¹ His domestic fame was the product of a carefully constructed persona that gave him the charismatic appeal necessary to maintain leadership during the latter quarter of the twentieth century and into the new millennium. Publicly, Qadhafi highlighted the similarities between himself and Libya's rural working class. He lived in a tent, and wore modest clothing. He fancied himself a devout Muslim, and praised the wisdom of the Libyan masses. He connected with his constituency through rhetoric that illustrated the stability of his policies over time, and their connection to the ideas that originally made him popular. This argues that the source of Qadhafi's charismatic power lay in his rhetoric, which connected Libya's foreign policy decisions to his foreign policy vision, the basis of his charismatic leadership. Qadhafi articulated his foreign policy vision during his first major speech to the Libyan people in September 1969, and he referred to it time and again when speaking about major Libyan foreign policy decisions. To demonstrate, this article describes the basis of Qadhafi's leadership authority and defines the parameters of his vision. Then Qadhafi's rhetoric surrounding major shifts in Libyan foreign policy is analyzed to show its congruence with his foreign policy vision. The rhetoric surrounding the Libya–Egypt war, the end of Libya's Chad intervention, Libya's surrendering of the two Lockerbie bombing suspects to be tried under Western authority, and Qadhafi's denunciation of the weapons of mass destruction programs—all major shifts in Libyan foreign policy—demonstrate how Qadhafi was able to maintain a single message, and thus his authority, over his first 35 years in power based on values established in the early days of his revolution. The flexibility of his vision enabled Qadhafi to maintain authority, while tactically adjusting Libyan foreign policy positions.     

浙江瓯海出土一件西周青铜器腐蚀成因研究

为研究浙江温州瓯海M24墓出土的一件青铜器的腐蚀成因,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、离子色谱分析仪（HPIC）等,对青铜剑腐蚀产物及其埋藏土壤进行了分析。结果表明,青铜剑已严重腐蚀,铜元素大量流失形成以锡元素为主的腐蚀产物。通过测量模拟瓯海土壤环境下的自腐蚀电位并参照CuH₂O体系的电位-pH图,推导出了浙江瓯海出土一件西周青铜器腐蚀反应历程。研究结果对类似出土文物有参考价值。     

“乞休”与“挂冠”:晚明弃官现象与政治文化嬗变

在明代君臣关系中,君权一直处于强势地位,并左右着官员进退。明中后期,这种情况出现了微妙的变化。时值万历朝出现大范围缺官,以京官为首的文官群体以此为契机,引发了群体性的致仕乞休现象,不惜以影响政府的正常运作为代价,孤立皇帝,从而扭转了在致仕问题上长期处于被动的局面,并由此引发了官员对于君臣关系、权力分配及仕隐哲学的再思考,影响了主流舆论的变化以及政治力量在中央与地方之间的转移等。这种主动弃官的现象所折射出的理性精神和反传统思想在一定程度上催生了晚明政治文化的进步因子,并为中国日后具有近代意义的民主政治发展奠定了基础。     

陕北马头山道教真身（肉身）泥塑像搬迁及保护研究

陕西马头山道教真身泥塑造像是以其身体为主,加入麦秸作局部支撑,裹布上泥而成,十分脆弱,急需搬迁和保护。为此,采用环十二烷预加固、贴布紧固及其底边托换等技术对真身造像进行了临时加固,圆满地完成了搬迁,并开展了展示性保护修复工作。本工作成果对高危造像的保护修复与搬迁具有借鉴作用。     

弦歌台大成殿文物建筑彩绘颜料成分分析

弦歌台又被称为绝粮祠，整体布局以中轴线为中心呈现东西对称，现存建筑的规制为三进院落，从南向北依次为正门、戟门、大成殿、弦歌书院。大成殿作为弦歌台最核心的建筑，外观气势宏伟，彩绘精美绝伦，是我国东部地区规格较高的孔庙建筑之一。弦歌台大成殿在自然环境和人为因素的长期影响下，彩绘表面出现了褪色、龟裂、颜料脱落等多种病害，彩绘修复工作已成为当前文物保护亟待解决的棘手问题。本工作对彩绘样本的层位和形制进行详细分析，从剖面和表面等多角度进行全面研究，发现大部分彩绘样本由内向外的结构依次为基底层、地仗层、颜料层，蓝色彩绘样本所使用的地仗层为传统的单披灰工艺，与之不同的是红色彩绘样本为无地仗彩绘，红色颜料层直接绘制于基底层上，推测这可能与时代的发展及工艺的变化有关。为了更好地服务文物进行科学保护，需要了解大成殿彩绘颜料成分及制作工艺等。采用超景深微观分析、扫描电镜及能谱仪分析、显微拉曼光谱分析等现代技术及方法，对彩绘颜料样本进行了层位结构、微观及成分检测分析。结果表明，在制作工艺上，大成殿彩绘颜料层剖面多为两层以上叠加，是明显的重层彩绘，说明历史上至少经历过两次以上重绘。同时发现大成殿彩绘颜料层既有重...