中国古代历史上第一个具有特区性质的城区——大唐西市

长安大唐西市不仅是1000多年前我国社会发展、经济繁荣、文化发达的港口,是丝绸之路的起点和国际贸易中心,而且也是古代历史上第一个具有特区性质的城区。当时在西市及周边地区,居住着大量来自中亚、西亚的外国人．中央政府对他们采取了开明、开放和包容的政策,不仪给予礼遇和保护,而且通过设立蕯宝府（管理祆教事务）和“藩坊”（管理伊斯兰教事务）,让他们自己管理自己的事务,使大唐西市具有典型的“文化特区”性质。在经济方面．中央政府采取了一系列的保护、鼓励和优惠政策来促进丝绸之路的商贸往来和大唐西市的繁荣与发展。加之在当时的西市中,有具有典当性质的寄附铺．具有早期银行性质的柜坊,具有早期中介和物流性质的波斯邸和常平仑等。因此．该区域是我国占代历史上第一个具有特区性质的城区。     

环境对古代都城选择的影响——以汉、唐时期西安地区为例

古代都城的选址与政治经济等诸多要素相关,其中与环境的关系尤为密切,西安作为历代兴盛王朝的都城,在中国都城史上占据着重要地位,本文以汉、唐两代西安地区自然环境和气候变迁为切入点,讨论都城选址与环境之间的关系。     

“元王诗”考索

自宋代以来,《汉书》所载元王诗多被人目为《鲁诗》,但其证据存在诸多疑点。因此,考察《元王诗》的归属是进一步地弄清汉代《诗经》传承版图的一个重要内容。本文从《元王诗》被看作《鲁诗》的过程出发,具体分析了《元王诗》非《鲁诗》的原因,并比对了刘向《诗》学观点与楚元王封地附近的汉代《诗》简,从而最终判定《元王诗》是汉代《诗经》传授中的独立一支,刘向所习主要是《元王诗》而非《鲁诗》。所以从刘向《诗》学中辑考的鲁诗也非《鲁诗》。     

瓷釉色彩语词的跨文化语义焦点——以青釉为例

在跨文化语境下,色彩词是怎样命名的?相近意义的色彩词有没有语义流变或焦点?同音异字的汉语色彩词组与色彩词的语义比较是怎样的?本文将探讨色彩词的建构与文化影响,使人们在不同文化语境下了解和探讨瓷釉色彩的深层含义,以便合理应用。     

1921年至今俄罗斯硬币上造币厂印记的演变——对《俄罗斯硬币上的造币厂印记》的补白

1917年十月社会主义革命后建立的苏维埃政权、1991的苏联解体和俄罗斯联邦完全独立,这些重大的政治变革都对俄罗斯硬币上的造币厂印记产生极大的影响,并留下可圈可点的烙印。     

纺织品文物回潮操作机理初探

纺织品纤维所含有的亲水基团是纺织品文物吸湿回潮处理的前提。纤维回潮后塑性变形能力增加,进而可借助一定技术条件对糟朽、干燥脆弱织物进行保护修复处理。在操作完成后,纤维内部分子链被重新排列,所吸收的水分会逐渐释放出来,直到与外界保存环境保持平衡。在此过程中形成的新的次级化学键将阻止纤维内部被重排的分子链回到回潮前的状态,这就使得纺织品文物回潮后的处理效果得以保存。     

Tactical Flexibility: Libyan Foreign Policy under Qadhafi, 1969–2004*

On September 1, 1969, a group of junior Libyan Army officers took control of the Libyan government in a bloodless coup d'état. After the coup, the group formed the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC), chaired by Muammar al‐Qadhafi. In the four decades following, Libya faced numerous foreign policy challenges. The Qadhafi regime took on a distinctly anticolonial flavor that mirrored the revolutionary political trends of Egypt under of Gamal Abdul Nasser. This change in foreign policy posture shook Libya's relations with the United States and the United Kingdom and initiated the degradation of Libyan–Western ties. Under Qadhafi's leadership, Libya chose an ideological path for that focused on the strengthening of sovereignty while pursuing policies of unity and anti‐imperialism. This often put Libya at loggerheads with the West, and at times with its neighbors. Nevertheless, Qadhafi maintained popularity among his constituency. ¹ His domestic fame was the product of a carefully constructed persona that gave him the charismatic appeal necessary to maintain leadership during the latter quarter of the twentieth century and into the new millennium. Publicly, Qadhafi highlighted the similarities between himself and Libya's rural working class. He lived in a tent, and wore modest clothing. He fancied himself a devout Muslim, and praised the wisdom of the Libyan masses. He connected with his constituency through rhetoric that illustrated the stability of his policies over time, and their connection to the ideas that originally made him popular. This argues that the source of Qadhafi's charismatic power lay in his rhetoric, which connected Libya's foreign policy decisions to his foreign policy vision, the basis of his charismatic leadership. Qadhafi articulated his foreign policy vision during his first major speech to the Libyan people in September 1969, and he referred to it time and again when speaking about major Libyan foreign policy decisions. To demonstrate, this article describes the basis of Qadhafi's leadership authority and defines the parameters of his vision. Then Qadhafi's rhetoric surrounding major shifts in Libyan foreign policy is analyzed to show its congruence with his foreign policy vision. The rhetoric surrounding the Libya–Egypt war, the end of Libya's Chad intervention, Libya's surrendering of the two Lockerbie bombing suspects to be tried under Western authority, and Qadhafi's denunciation of the weapons of mass destruction programs—all major shifts in Libyan foreign policy—demonstrate how Qadhafi was able to maintain a single message, and thus his authority, over his first 35 years in power based on values established in the early days of his revolution. The flexibility of his vision enabled Qadhafi to maintain authority, while tactically adjusting Libyan foreign policy positions.     

潇洒俊逸的落寞王孙——溥心畲书法刍议

溥心畲,名儒,字心畲,号羲皇上人,又别号西山逸士,是一位杰出的复古文人逸士。清光绪二十二年（1896年）农历七月二十四日诞生于北京恭王府,1963年11月18日因患鼻咽癌在台湾台北市小南门的中心诊所逝世,     

浙江瓯海出土一件西周青铜器腐蚀成因研究

为研究浙江温州瓯海M24墓出土的一件青铜器的腐蚀成因,采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、离子色谱分析仪（HPIC）等,对青铜剑腐蚀产物及其埋藏土壤进行了分析。结果表明,青铜剑已严重腐蚀,铜元素大量流失形成以锡元素为主的腐蚀产物。通过测量模拟瓯海土壤环境下的自腐蚀电位并参照CuH₂O体系的电位-pH图,推导出了浙江瓯海出土一件西周青铜器腐蚀反应历程。研究结果对类似出土文物有参考价值。