江苏省旅游资源的文化构成及其开发

旅游资源的文化开发是一个极具价值的研究课题。作为文化大省的江苏,开发以文化为特色的旅游景点和发展文化旅游当是建设旅游强省的重要战略。当前,国内对旅游资源的文化研究尚处于起步阶段,未形成公认的理论体系和研究范式。本文首先探讨旅游资源的文化构成及其相应的行为层次和产品类别,从文化构成视角将旅游资源解构为物质的文化景观、制度与行为的文化风情和意识的文化艺术三个层面,进而由时空组合而成的旅游文化区、旅游文化系、旅游文化丛、旅游文化因子等四个层次阐述了江苏旅游文化资源的系统结构。在此基础上,提出了江苏旅游文化资源的开发战略。     

高寒地区土地资源利用评价的GIS支持研究——以青海海北藏族自治州为例

土地资源是人类生存的基本资料和劳动对象,是人地关系系统中一个重要的物质信息载体,是评价人类生境的一个重要对象。土地利用是人类在现阶段生产力水平下,对区域土地资源的开发程度和利用情况。土地资源的现状评价,是反映人地关系协调程度的一个重要手段。本文采用目前广泛使用的GIS先进技术手段,对青海省海北藏族自治州土地资源的利用现状进行了评价。表明了GIS技术对该区域土地利用评价起到了缩小工作量,提高精确度的作用。并且从土地利用角度对海北州人地关系现状进行了描述。     

宁夏回族社区不同地域类型空间结构变化的规律性研究——以宁夏回族自治区泾源县为例

本文以宁夏回族自治区泾源县为调查样本,通过实地调研,科学划分出宁夏回族社区的四种基本地域类型:川地型、坡地型、半川半坡型和河谷型。总结了各类社区的外部形态、内部格局等空间结构特征及其变化的规律性。分析了回族聚居区人文环境对回族社区空间结构的影响。指出了宁南山区回族社区空间结构未来发展演化趋向是:扩张川地型社区,向大村落、城镇化推进;搬迁改造坡地型、半川半坡型社区,向科学合理的空间结构演绎;抑制河谷型社区发展,向高宽阶地集聚。     

经验科学进步的一般模式与当今地理学的发展——试以人文地理学为例

笔者首先引入库恩的范式理论和科学进步模式,并用协同学理论对之改造,以此作为本文分析问题的理论框架。紧接着,尝试用该模式剖析地理学的发展历史,指出每阶段的大致时间区间、发展特点、重要的历史贡献和代表人物,并用自组织原理阐述科学危机和科学革命发生的机理,从而为第四部分分析当今地理学危机作理论铺垫。然后,以人文地理学为例总结地理学的科学范式,从而形成当今地理学发展总的图景。再之,本文指出当今地理学危机产生的原因有两个:地理学范式逻辑结构松散和信息革命的挑战。危机是革命的先导,继计量革命和行为革命之后,(人文)地理学领域将要发生战后的第三次较大的革命,(人文)地理学范式将得以重塑,(人文)地理学共同体的地理思维、地理行为将随之变化。最后,本文引申出在新的时代条件下地理学的两大发展任务和地理哲学领域的两大前沿课题,以供参考。     

上海元代水闸遗址出土木构件无损冻干初探

传统的冷冻脱水过程通常需要将电阻温度传感器(RTD)插入到物料中以监测温度变化从而确定干燥终点,这种方式对于处理木质文物来说具有一定的破坏性,无法做到无损或微损。本研究尝试采用无损方式对定型加固剂浸渍液即时浓度进行分析,并对冷冻干燥终点进行预测。采用这种无损技术成功地对志丹苑元代水闸遗址出土的30件木构件进行真空冷冻脱水定型处理,既达到了预期的定型保护效果,又确保了木构件的安全。     

历史时期内蒙古LUCC时空过程及其驱动机制

本文的研究中,在内蒙古地区地质学、古地理学和环境演变方面已有研究成果以及考古与历史文献资料的基础上,修复和描述了内蒙古陆地形成以来的地质历史时期和人类历史时期内蒙古土地利用/覆盖时空演变过程,并探索其驱动机制与因素,从而为正确把握内蒙古地区近现代土地利用/覆盖变化时空轨迹提供科学依据。古代相当长的历史时期,内蒙古地区基本上被游牧民族所占据,达到了一种古代的可持续发展。清代中期以后,特别是进入20世纪以来,随着几次大规模的移民拓荒高潮,耕地面积急速扩展而草场面积日益退缩,内蒙古草原生态环境遭遇空前的破坏,沙漠化和草原退化急速加快,土地利用变化和土地利用方式成为了土地覆盖变化的最主要驱动因子。土地利用变化(开垦草原、毁林开荒)的驱动因子主要有人口因素、经济利益和政府决策等三个方面,而且每一次大规模开荒时期三者往往相辅相成,促成新一轮的开荒高潮。     

Proselytizing Nationalism: Protestant Missionaries and the Arab Awakening Debate

This article examines the historiographical debate concerning the origins of Arab nationalism as postulated by George Antonius in his book, The Arab Awakening: The Story of the Arab National Movement and the theory of historical construction. After establishing the theoretical framework of the study with an overview of Hayden White's views on how history is written, it progresses into a study of the historiography of Arab nationalism. Here, the scholars Sylvia G. Haim, C. Ernest Dawn, Rashid Khalidi, and Fruma Zachs and their writings are chronologically dissected, with each academic analyzed via White's theories of historical construction. Through studying their respective positions, it is shown that these texts are culturally relative according to the era in which they were written. It is argued that no work of scholarship can be fully removed from outside influences. Specifically, politicization of academics and the consequences of such endeavors are shown as inextricable from the created narrative. Because of the need for culturally relative knowledge so that it can be applicable to audiences outside of academia, scholars who write for an express purpose (such as answering a question for the benefit of others) should not be considered inherently biased. This article poses that academics have a moral obligation to disseminate knowledge to their respective societies due to their assumed removed status as academics. By doing so, human error is acknowledged and room is made for improvement within the field of history. Knowledge does not need to be created for its own sake, but rather so that it might be utilized by society at large. It is suggested that to foster a deeper understanding of a scholar's relationship with society, there should be an increase in academics' civic engagement. This additionally requires serious reflection and enquiry into the standards that would consequently need to be implemented to maintain the integrity of the produced scholarship.     

咸丰年间货币流通的民间形态——徽商志成号商业账簿研究

本文依据咸丰年间徽商志成号经营账簿中的有关货币资料,研究了银钱流通的民间形态、民间用币的类型和种类,以及货币的比价变化,从中揭示出行会组织、民间约定惯例对银钱民间流通的影响;洋钱等民间货币的流通,显示出民间用币多样性,以及货币制度的紊乱;货币比价的变动,既是地方金融市场货币流通规律的反映,也与战争的影响密切相关。     

REPRODUCIBILITY OF ELEMENTAL ANALYSES OF BASALTIC STONE ARTEFACTS BY QUADRUPLE ICP–MS USING DIFFERENT SAMPLE SIZES AND DIGESTION METHODS,WITH IMPLICATIONS FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Using high‐precision inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), we measured >40 elements in basalts sampled by diamond micro‐drills to evaluate the effectiveness of different digestion methods and the reproducibility of elemental analysis for different sample sizes from 5 mg to 100 mg. The results indicate that those elements that are most suitable for geochemical characterization, such as rare earth elements (REE), high‐field strength elements (HFSE) and certain mobile elements (Rb, Sr, Th, U), show excellent reproducibility with an average relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3% between open‐beaker and pressured ‘bomb’ digestion methods. This observation rules out the presence of refractory phases such as zircon, which can only dissolve in pressured ‘bombs’, and suggests that the results from open‐beaker digestion are reliable. The ICP–MS data for powders of different weights ranging from 10 to 100 mg collected from two fine‐grained basalt artefacts display excellent reproducibility, with a RSD of <5% for the most important elements. The reproducibility is reduced when including the 5 mg weight fraction (RSD of ～2–9%), which is still sufficient for archaeological applications. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of 10 mg samples for elemental measurement, which is valuable for geochemical characterization and sourcing of fine‐grained basalt artefacts from museum collections that require minimal destructive sampling.