3D numerical modeling of hydrothermal processes during the lifetime of a deep geothermal reservoir

Understanding hydrothermal processes during production is critical to optimal geothermal reservoir management and sustainable utilization. This study addresses the hydrothermal (HT) processes in a geothermal research doublet consisting of the injection well E GrSk3/90 and production well Gt GrSk4/05 at the deep geothermal reservoir of Groß Schönebeck (north of Berlin, Germany) during geothermal power production. The reservoir is located between ?4050 to ?4250 m depth in the Lower Permian of the Northeast German Basin. Operational activities such as hydraulic stimulation, production (T = 150°C; Q = ?75 m³ h^?1; C = 265 g l^?1) and injection (T = 70°C; Q = 75 m³ h^?1; C = 265 g l^?1) change the HT conditions of the geothermal reservoir. The most significant changes affect temperature, mass concentration and pore pressure. These changes influence fluid density and viscosity as well as rock properties such as porosity, permeability, thermal conductivity and heat capacity. In addition, the geometry and hydraulic properties of hydraulically induced fractures vary during the lifetime of the reservoir. A three‐dimensional reservoir model was developed based on a structural geological model to simulate and understand the complex interaction of such processes. This model includes a full HT coupling of various petrophysical parameters. Specifically, temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity and heat capacity as well as the pressure‐, temperature‐ and mass concentration‐dependent fluid density and viscosity are considered. These parameters were determined by laboratory and field experiments. The effective pressure dependence of matrix permeability is less than 2.3% at our reservoir conditions and therefore can be neglected. The results of a three‐dimensional thermohaline finite‐element simulation of the life cycle performance of this geothermal well doublet indicate the beginning of thermal breakthrough after 3.6 years of utilization. This result is crucial for optimizing reservoir management. Geofluids (2010) 10 , 406–421     

MODELS OF MAN'S BIOSOCIAL ADAPTATION IN AN INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY*

The morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptation of professional athletes can be viewed as a model, being close to the successful hunter's adaptation in a foraging society. Physique, endocrine status, and personality traits were studied in athletes of various professional levels. A set of traits believed to be adaptive for this group is described. Athletes display masculine proportions of head and body, higher testosterone levels, early onset of sexual activity, extroversion, and thoroughness. These fi ndings are discussed from the standpoint of modern ethology and evolutionary anthropology.     

A FOSSIL HUMAN HUMERUS FROM KHVALYNSK: MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY

A fossil humerus from Khoroshevsky Island, Khvalynsk, Saratov Province, previously believed to have been lost eighty years ago, was studied by osteometric, X-ray, tomographic, histological, and paleopathological methods. The results suggest that the fossil represents an adult Neanderthal, apparently male, displaying a peculiar hormonal status which ? nds no direct parallels among known human physiological conditions, either normal or pathological.     

美国城市示范运动及其启示研究

在当代世界各国的城市化进程中,城市的更新改造和发展以及相关问题和矛盾的解决都是要面临的重要课题。示范城市运动是美国大规模城市更新运动的重要阶段,也是轰轰烈烈的"伟大社会"改革中后期重要的战略转移。本文选取该项运动为研究主题,回顾了其发生背景、发展过程,分析了其正反两方面的经验,以期为中国在进入改革开放关键时期构建和谐社会进程中更好地解决城市问题提供一个有价值的参照。     

社会网络的空间化:以深圳传媒产业为例的社会地理网络研究

经济社会学对于经济活动所根植的社会关系网络的揭示,引发了网络思想的普遍关注。本文从经济社会学与文化经济地理学相结合的跨学科视角,探讨如何使用社会网络分析技术,将文化经济活动的地域关系网络可视化,提出"社会地理网络"的概念。论文以深圳传媒产业"大事记"作为数据来源,详细叙述了如何将影响深圳传媒产业发展历程的社会地理关系网络可视化的方法,揭示了传媒产业"社会地理网络"的存在;初步说明了社会地理网络研究的方法论意义和政策含义。     

近十五年来真实性在国内外旅游中的研究对比

旅游界对真实性研究了四十多年,尚无统一的定论。近十五年是国内外真实性研究的大发展时期,更是填补了国内真实性研究的空白。本文主要着眼于近十五年来真实性在国内外的研究,分别从理论研究、真实性与旅游保护开发、真实性与旅游经营管理、真实性与旅游发展等几个方面进行对比,总结出国内对真实性研究与国外研究的差距,得到我国未来对真实性研究的方向和启示。     

重庆市人口与经济发展空间耦合分布研究

本文基于2001-2012 年重庆市各个区县的人口和经济数据,计算重庆市各区县的人口地理集中度和经济地理集中度并结合耦合指数,分析人口分布与经济分布耦合特征与人口与经济空间分布类型,并运用Geoda、ArcGIS 软件对重庆各个区县人口与经济的全局和局部空间自相关分析,建立人口与经济发展耦合度模型与耦合协调度模型,分析人口与经济的空间耦合度的特征。研究结果表明：①重庆市的人口与经济整体水平有较好的发展趋势,但区域发展差异明显。②人口集中度和经济集中度总体上呈现“一圈高,两翼低”的特点。③2001-2012 年间重庆市人口与经济耦合度总体呈上升趋势,且人口与经济间的耦合作用不断增强。