SPECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME MEDIAEV AL GLASS FRAGMENTS FROM CATALAN GOTHIC CHURCHES

AAS, FE and OES are each used in the analysis of thirteen samples of fragments of window glasses from three Catalan Gothic churches: Sta. Maria del Mar (Barcelona, Spain), Pedralbes Monastery (Barcelona, Spain) and Girona Cathedral (Spain). Two kinds of stained window glass are found. Special attention is paid to Co/Cu, Co/Ni and Cu/Ni ratios for blue glasses and Mn/Cu and Fe/Cu ratios for red glasses.     

GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF FATTY ACIDS IN FOOD RESIDUES FROM CERAMICS FOUND IN THE SOUTHWESTERN CAPE,SOUTH AFRICA

Gas liquid chromatography was used to analyse residues adhering to the inside of excavated potsherds from dated South African sites. The results suggested marine animal fat, possibly seal, had been cooked in the vessels. Fat of modern seals was baked and also analysed as a control sample. This gave similar results. The importance of seals in the prehistoric diet of the Southwestern Cape is supported by a large number of seal bones in the associated faunal material.     

IDLE LAND IN GRENADA: A REVIEW OF ITS CAUSES AND THE PRG'S APPROACH TO REDUCING THE PROBLEM

A chronic feature of Caribbean agriculture is the extent to which potential arable land lies idle. Some of this region's densely populated islands have more than one-third of their farmland in such a condition. Yet their populations have relied increasingly upon imported food for sustenance. During the 1970s this paradoxical situation was exemplified by Grenada, where possibly as much as 45 per cent of its farmland lay abandoned and imported food accounted for one-third of the national import bill. This paper first surveys the underlying factors accounting for idle land in this nation and then outlines the programs pursued by the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) to reduce waste of this basic resource and, thereby, to effect a more stable economy.
Dans la scène agraire caraibe on trouve constamment des terres dormantes qui pourraient ětre cultivées. Quelques les, des plus fortement peuplées de la région, ont plus du tiers de leurs terres ambles dans une telle condition. Toutefois, leurs habitants se fient de plus en plus sur la nourriture importée pour se soutenir. Cette situation paradoxale s'illustre par la Grenade, des années soixante-dix, où jusqu'a 45 pour-cent du terroir aurait été abandonné, en méme que la nourriture importée se payait du tiers du budget disponible pour défrayer toutes les importations requises dans ľle. Cette communication souligne ďabord les facteurs qui ont Créé cette situation en Grenade, et présente ensuite les grandes lignes des programmes adoptés, par le gouvernement révolutionnaire du peuple, pour couiger cette situation et pour diriger ľle vers une économie plus stable qu'au paravant.     

SOME DEVELOPMENTS IN THE DIFFUSION PATTERNS OF HUTTERITE COLONIES

This paper describes some developments in the diffusion pattern of Hutterite colonies in North America. Today, there are more than 300 colonies distributed over the four western provinces of Canada and five states of the United States. The spatial behaviour of the three Hutterite clan-groups is compared, and responses by the sects to the repeal of the Alberta Communal Property Act in 1973 are assessed. Finally, changes in the rate of diffusion and the management of colony division are examined.
Cette communication décrit quelques développements dans la diffusion des colonies ďHutterites en Amérique du Nord. Aujourd'hui, il y a plus de 300 colonies dispersées dans les quatre provinces de ľoeust canadien et dans cinq états américains. Nous comparons le comportement spatial des trois groupes, ou clans, principaux ďHutterites et nous évaluons les réactions des sectes àľabrogation de la législation, de 1973, de la loi pourtant sur la possession en commun de propriétés Finalement. on examine le gérance de la division des colonies, et les changements dans leurs taux de diffusion.     

Potential impacts of sand and gravel extraction on the Hunter River,New South Wales

A number of investigations have been undertaken by the New South Wales Water Resources Commission to determine the regional and compound effects of large scale extractive industries on the stability of the Hunter River, New South Wales. Sedimentologic studies of bed material suggest that the Hunter River upstream of Denman has an armoured gravel bed that is immobile during regulated releases from Glenbawn Dam but is disrupted by moderate but less than bankfull flows. Annual bedloadyields have been computed by the bedload rating-flow duration technique for five river gauging stations. Approximate sand and gravel budgets for selected reaches of the Hunter River demonstrate that the present annual extraction rate from temporary sediment storages within the channel greatly exceeds the transport rate upstream of Denman and is approximately equal to the transport rate downstream of Denman. River degradation is imminent if extractive industries continue operating in the channel of the Hunter River     

Mean airstreams of Australia

Streamline analyses of mean monthly resultant surface winds over Australia are presented. Mean confluences represent either cyclone trajectories, or modal fronts. These analyses suggest that Australia's annual airstream climate is of two regimes: that of September to March inclusive, and April to August inclusive. The winter half-year is exemplified by a continental airstream source in southern Australia which diverges over virtually the entire continent. It continues into September and October, although dominating only the southern third to half of Australia, and is absent from November to March. During the summer half-year a new pattern emerges, with three maritime air stream sources represented over the continent: first, air from the Southern Ocean penetrates the south coast reaching its furthest northward extension from December to March inclusive; a second source originating over the Pacific Ocean dominates eastern and northern Australia; and a monsoon source originating over the Indian Ocean which flows overland affecting northern Western Australia. Two modal confluences are noted, one over northwestern Australia from November-February separating monsoon flow from that emanating from the east, and another extending from the west central coast east-southeastward to the southeast coast from November-March separating Southern Ocean air from that originating over the Pacific Ocean.