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21.
Justin O. Parkhurst 《Development and change》2005,36(3):571-590
Uganda faces continual challenges as a low‐income nation reliant on international donors and non‐state actors. It was also one of the first countries to face a population‐wide HIV epidemic, a disease that can strain state capacity to its limits. One would expect that such a combination would weaken the governance structures in a developing country; yet, if anything, the Ugandan state has emerged from its HIV crisis with its legitimacy bolstered. This article reviews the Ugandan response to HIV/AIDS, analysing the ways in which the epidemic has provided a new arena for the Ugandan state to engage with international actors. 相似文献
22.
Ruth M.K. Plets Justin K. Dix Jon R. Adams Jonathan M. Bull Timothy J. Henstock Martin Gutowski Angus I. Best 《Journal of archaeological science》2009
The remains of Henry V's flagship, the Grace Dieu, currently lie buried within the inter-tidal sediments of the River Hamble (S. England). Previous archaeological investigations have been hindered by difficult excavation conditions resulting in a poor understanding of the dimensions, shape and degradation state of the hull's deeper structure. This study therefore aimed to image, characterize and reconstruct the buried remains of this vessel using a high-resolution 3D acoustic sub-bottom Chirp system with RTK-GPS positioning capability. The accurate navigation and high-resolution data that were acquired enabled the construction of a full 3D image of the site that not only identified the remains of the wooden hull, but also features buried within it. In addition, the degradation state of these buried wooden remains were investigated by calculating reflection coefficients while a hypothetical larger reconstruction of the Grace Dieu's hull was achieved, through the use of the ShipShape ship design software package. 相似文献
23.
Many analysts are concerned about territories subject to state failure becoming safe havens for terrorists. In this article, I apply this logic to maritime piracy syndicates and their ship hijacking operations, and argue that a focus on the geographies of state failure can help us explain why pirates' behavior varies between failed and weak states. Analysis of a dataset of hijacking incidents suggests that state failure is associated with less sophisticated attacks, while state weakness encourages more sophisticated attacks. Through case studies of the process by which pirates carry out their attacks in East Africa and Southeast Asia, I argue that it is the differences in political and economic landscapes that influence how pirates embed their operations across territory, and thus how they carry out their operations. Notably, because they do not have to worry about enforcement, pirates in failed states can engage in time-intensive kidnappings for ransom, while only weak states provide the markets and transportation infrastructure necessary for operations where ships and cargo are seized and sold for profit. These findings suggest that weak states might actually be more problematic for international security in some respects than failed states. 相似文献
24.
Luke A. Gliganic Zenobia Jacobs Richard G. Roberts 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2012,4(2):115-135
Mumba rockshelter is a key archaeological site for the Middle and Later Stone Age occupation of East Africa, but its chronology
has remained unresolved. We report the results of a dating study, focussing on the characterisation of the optically stimulated
luminescence (OSL) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) properties of quartz- and potassium-rich feldspar grains. Quartz
has previously proven troublesome for dating in East Africa. We identified five general types of quartz grain behaviour, based
on the shapes of their OSL decay and dose–response curves. Dose recovery experiments and measurement of the natural samples
revealed particular problems with quartz grains that had hyperbolic dose–response curves, low characteristic saturation doses
and anomalously large changes in sensitivity between regenerative-dose cycles. The use of pulsed irradiation during measurement
and standard and additional quality-assurance criteria during data analysis reduced the number of grains that suffered from
these problems. We applied these procedures to individual grains of quartz from eight samples and, using appropriate statistical
models, identified post-depositional mixing in three samples. The remaining samples had scattered equivalent-dose distributions
typical of quartz grains that had received variable beta dose rates during burial. Stratigraphically consistent OSL ages were
obtained for all but the deepest sample. Feldspar ages were estimated for the latter sample and three other samples, using
the elevated temperature IRSL signal that exhibited low rates of anomalous fading. Fading-corrected feldspar ages for the
latter three samples are consistent with their single-grain quartz ages, but single-grain dating is needed to address problems
of post-depositional mixing. 相似文献
25.
26.
Stephen Luke Zegura 《Reviews in Anthropology》2013,42(1):110-117
Joseph B. Birdsell. Human Evolution: An Introduction to the New Physical Anthropology. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1972. xiii + 546 pp. Illustrations, figures, bibliography, and index. $9.95 Bobby J. Williams. Evolution and Human Origins: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. ix + 277 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, and index. $10.95. 相似文献
27.
Investigations into the development of weapon systems are increasingly important in archaeological debates about human evolution and behavioural variability. ‘Diagnostic’ impact fractures are key, but controversial, lines of evidence commonly used in such investigations. In 2009 a series of experiments was initiated to investigate the processes associated with macrofracture formation specifically focussing on the taphonomic factors affecting the formation of ‘diagnostic’ impact fractures (DIFs). This paper adds to that experimental data set with macrofracture results from recent knapping experiments investigating rock type variability and DIF formation. These results show that rock type variation plays less of a role in DIF formation than variables related to use and lithic taphonomy. The collective results of this experimental series show that the location, co-occurrence, type and proximity to retouch on a tool are all important means of distinguishing between weapon and non-weapon related DIFs. Collectively these macrofracture patterns are more important in diagnosing weapon components than any one ‘diagnostic’ impact fracture is alone. Overall, these experimental studies are showing that background ‘noise’ in the form of non-hunting related impact fractures, exists in many macrofracture results and that much work remains in securing the analytical robusticity of the method. The paper concludes that the macrofracture method is not a stand-alone method, but when used with caution and in conjunction with other lines of evidence it is a useful, time-efficient, tool for generating assemblage-level use-trace data. 相似文献
28.
Luke C. Sheahan 《Perspectives on Political Science》2013,42(4):290-300
AbstractThe American sociologist Robert Nisbet argued that alienation was endemic in the modern world. He blamed processes of individualization and politicization where political power was utilized to separate individuals from intermediate associations. While Nisbet was accused of nostalgia for a lost past of medieval communalism, he pointed to the voluntary association as a source of community in the modern world. Using Nisbet's historical and sociological analysis, this article explains the phenomena of alienation in Nisbet's thought and argues that the voluntary association is capable of integrating individuals into meaningful communities. 相似文献
29.
Luke Desforges 《Transactions (Institute of British Geographers : 1965)》2001,26(3):353-364
This paper supplements exisiting research on tourism consumption through a focus on money. It draws upon recent work in the geography of money and economic sociology, arguing that the understandings of money used by consumers are of importance to the social formation of tourism. Using a theoretical framework that links consumption studies and reconceptualizations of money, the paper develops a qualitative case study of British long-haul travellers. It concludes that consumers' understandings of money are integral to the ways in which tourists seek to engage with destinations, and points out some implications for the politics of tourism. 相似文献
30.