《四库全书总目·子部杂家类》存目论误例举

《四库全书总目》由于种种原因,存在着诸多问题。前辈学者对之已多所纠正,子部杂家类的问题尤多。本文现就杂家类存目部分有关姓名字号、职官、时间、籍贯等方面的讹误,分类例举若干则。     

Sourcing archaeological bitumen in the Olmec region

Prehispanic Mesoamerican peoples collected, processed, and used bitumen for decoration, sealant, and adhesive. Among the earliest to do so were the Olmec (1200–500 b.c.) of Mexico's southern Gulf coastal lowlands. Geochemical analysis of bitumen from Olmec archaeological contexts as well as from seeps in the Olmec region reveals that seeps can be geochemically differentiated and can be correlated with archaeological samples. Groups of sites with chemically different archaeological bitumen indicate multiple procurement networks reflecting complex regional systems of exchange and interaction. Organic geochemical analysis of bitumen provides a new tool to study procurement strategies and exchange patterns in Mesoamerica.     

南京发现南朝“明堂”砖及其学术意义初探

最新披露南京新发现的南朝刘宋“大明五年明堂壁”铭文砖等一批实物资料,并阐述了这批资料对研究南朝时期都城重要礼制建筑“明堂”的建造历史及其对研究六朝都城布局的重要学术意义。     

渤海国湖州治所及湄沱湖问题

通过对城墙砬子古城、南湖头古城和大石头河古城的考古调查及对文献资料的研究,证明南湖头古城作为渤海国湖州治所的可能性是最大的,湄沱湖就是镜泊湖.     

民间剪纸能手(67)张玉姐

陕北有民谣道:“养女子要巧的,石榴牡丹冒铰的。”“冒铰”,即是指剪纸样子随心自制、脱剪而出。在中华民间文化积淀厚重的陕北,有一批“冒铰”的民间剪纸老艺人,其中,张玉姐的剪纸独树一帜。张玉姐是陕西省宝鸡市千阳县南寨乡小寨村人,今年67岁,她的剪纸样子从不重复,剪纸时握一把大剪子,不用事先勾勒图案,全部随心而出。民间剪纸是一种极力在二维空间里表现立体的艺术形式,她却反其道而行之,可能是由于一只眼已经失明的原因,她的剪纸非常平面化,黑白对比强烈,用剪极为顿涩老辣,大刀阔斧。异常简练,毫不媚俗,其中的人物、动物仿佛通灵一般活灵活现、动人心魄。     

莫友芝所撰莫氏《甲辰家规》及其史料价值

莫友芝(1811-1871)是晚清贵州著名的学者、宋诗派的代表诗人之一,与郑珍皆被人目为西南巨儒,在文学史、艺术史、学术史上都很有贡献.他生平著述繁富,除已刊刻行世的《郘亭诗钞》、《郘亭遗诗》、《影山词》、《郘亭遗文》、《宋元旧本书经眼录》、《郘亭知见传本书目》、《遵义府志》(与郑珍合著)、《黔诗纪略》、《唐写本说文木部笺异》、《樗茧注》(郑珍著,莫友芝注)、《韵学源流》、《古今集联》、《持静斋藏书记要》等十数种外,散佚人间的重要未刊手稿还有很多,如现藏于中国社会科学院文学研究所善本室的《甲辰家规》(甲辰即道光二十四年,1844),收在莫友芝手稿《郘亭文集》中.其封面有庸斋题记:     

日本所定国宝中的中国瓷器

本文在介绍日本国宝中中国瓷器的基础上,对宋代建窑“油滴”及“曜变”问题进行了探讨,宋代建盏中的“油滴”即宋代文献所说的“鹧鸪斑”,“曜变”应为特殊的“油滴”。同时,文章对被日本定为国宝的中国瓷器何以全部为宋、元瓷器的原因进行了探究,认为与镰仓时代以来日本人崇尚淡雅隐逸的艺术特色之审美观有密切关系,是深受茶陶旨趣熏陶的结果。     

“翰林”、“盈”字款白瓷研究

本文在前人研究的基础上,通过对传世及出土文物进行梳理及查阅古文献资料,对“翰林”、“盈”字款白瓷的年代、产地及涵义等问题进行了探讨。“翰林”、“盈”字与唐代宫廷设置的翰林院及大盈库(百宝大盈库)有关,署这两种款识的白瓷是唐代邢窑专门为宫廷烧造的贡品,其年代当在开元以后,唐朝灭亡后不复烧造。其烧造地点在今河北省内丘县城关一带。“翰林”、“盈”字款白瓷是研究唐代邢窑生产性质及唐代社会政治、经济的重要实物资料。     

Preparation of a new calcite layer from calcium glycolate for the conservation of sulfated limestone artifacts

A novel preparation method of calcite layer was explored for the conservation purpose of the surface sulfation limestone artifacts. In this method, the alcoholic solution of calcium glycolate was used as a precursor of calcite layer. After application on the surface of gypsum crust on limestone by spraying, calcium glycolate can combine with the carbon dioxide spontaneously and form a compact calcite layer. The obtained calcite layer can act as a shelter and can prevent the gypsum crust from the dissolution damage of the natural precipitation. The protective properties of the calcite layer were investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water erosion resistance, water absorption, colour difference, surface strength, and hardness test. The results revealed that the water erosion resistance, surface strength, and hardness of the treated sample were increased remarkably. Meanwhile, the intrinsic physical properties such as porosity, capillary absorption, and appearance were not affected obviously, indicating a good compatibility of the proposed protection method.     

山岳风景区旅游经济效益研究——以安徽黄山为例

旅游经济效益是山岳风景区旅游发展主要内容之一,本文以安徽黄山为例,结合其它国家级山岳风景区情况,分析了山岳风景区旅游经济效益现状,就如何提高旅游经济效益发表了若干建设性意见。