论康定、庆历时期西北沿边屯田与宋夏战争的互动关系

屯田是北宋西北地区守边宋军的一项重要后勤补给方式,因此,屯田的发展与宋夏战争的进程密切相关。康定、庆历时期,宋夏之间接连爆发了几次大规模战役,在这几次战役中,西北沿边屯田的分布与规模直接决定了夏军的进攻方向以及战役的爆发地;战斗结束后,战局结果又反作用于沿边屯田,大大促进了战役发生地区后勤经济的发展。后勤补给地理与战争进程的互动关系在这一时期的宋夏战争中表现的最为明显。     

From abstract digital models to rich virtual environments: landscape contexts in Kilmartin Glen,Scotland

This study uses geographic information systems (GIS) based analyses and virtual reality (VR) reconstructions, to explore landscape context for two types of Neolithic monuments: cup and ring rock art and a stone circle. Specifically, the impacts of the contemporary vegetation at the study sites are analysed with regard to viewshed areas and views from the monument locations. Results show that while GIS-based viewshed analysis is useful for quantifying the absolute upper and lower limits for viewshed area, the virtual reality reconstructions allow the possibilities in between these extremes to be explored. In addition, VR provides the opportunity to explore visually rich representations of past environments for site interpretation and it is also a useful way for presenting uncertainty and testing different scenarios for landscape archaeology context.     

现代性、文化与身份的认同

有位汉学家说过,中国近代以来的知识分子,理智上选择了西方价值,而在情感上却丢不掉中国的旧传统。钱穆也说自己一生都被困在中西文化的争论之中。陈寅恪说做学问“一方面要吸收输入外来之学说,一方面不忘本来民族之地位”。这话非常正确,可是可操作性有多大？我觉得正是这种观念撕裂了现代知识分子的文化认同感和身份意识。怎样跳出这种文化认同和身份意识的困惑与断裂？     

High Medieval Monasteries as Communities of Practice: Approaching Monastic Learning Through Letters

The theme of learning in high medieval monasteries can be approached by analysing such contexts as “communities of practice” on the basis of preserved monastic letters and letter‐collections. The letters' propagandistic function makes it extremely interesting to analyse the ways in which they represent learning in order to serve different purposes: to attract people to a monastery, to offer advice to members of monastic communities, and even to intervene in the debate that opposed monastic to secular and scholastic modes of study. Moreover, epistolary sources offer insights into the complex dynamics of social interactions within the monastery, in particular the plurality of learning agents and the reciprocal nature of learning exchanges. Therefore, this approach can offer a valuable contribution to the study of learning as a shared and dialectical process, which takes place through social interaction within a heterogeneous community. In addition, it helps to understand the way in which learning is linked to the shaping of identities, both individual and communal, because it affects and transforms the reciprocal social roles of the members of a monastic community.     

旅游目的地形象测量内容的研究综述

本文将形象界定为用于记录与外界相互作用过程中事物所呈现的状态及属性的信息,从而实现中西方学者在旅游目的地形象内涵理解上的对接。在此基础上,本文将目的地形象分成本体形象、传播形象与感知形象三个层面,就每个层面形象测量的内容进行归纳综述,从而将目的地形象测量内容的众多观点置于一个可统一、可比较的框架中,从而为我国的目的地形象测量研究与实践提供参考。