挖掘初中作文教学的学生潜力

学生作文语意表达不清,枯燥无味,主要是头脑中积累的词汇句子太少。只有让学生多读,才能开拓学生的思路,提高学生的写作能力。知识积累是过程,熟练运用是目的。在习作中,要教育学生恰当运用多种修辞手法表达语意,增强文章的感染力和语言的说服力,使抽象的内容具体形象生动。     

如何加强英语教学中的素质教育

传统的英语教学应以语法知识为主,教学中严重地存在着“重知识传授,轻能力培养”的倾向,高分低能现象大量存在。时代呼唤英语教学必须实施素质教育,其效果始终要接受实践的检验,而其客观标准又具双重性：既要实现培养学生运用英语进行交际能力的目标,又要达到全面提高学生素质的标准。     

Crowdsourcing Model Research for the Identification of Post-Earthquake Rescue Objects

The quick and accurate identification of post-earthquake rescue objects can minimize the casualties and property loss caused by earthquakes. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, rescue objects can be identified through high-resolution remote sensing images. There are two main categories of approaches to identify rescue object through high-resolution images: automatic extraction by a computer and visual judgment by professionals. Although results can be obtained quickly by using automatic extraction, the accuracy of the results is unacceptably low. For visual judgment, the large demands for time and professionals restrict its wide practical application. In this study, we introduce crowdsourcing into the identification of post-earthquake rescue objects. First, we integrate the advantages of the computer and crowdsourcing, which means that the computer takes advantage of the speed of information processing, while crowdsourcing makes full use of human recognition capabilities. Second, we take visual judgment tasks out of the hands of professionals and entrust the tasks to workers in a crowdsourcing platform. Not only are the human resources infinite, but we can also improve the efficiency of identifying rescue objects. Third, we propose a crowdsourcing model that improves the quality of the results and saves human resources. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that our solution is feasible.     

陕西子洲出土商代青铜容器铸造工艺观察分析

2010年11月,陕西省子洲县裴家湾镇关王岔村出土了6件青铜容器,包括尊、瓿、盘、觚、鼎、提梁卣各1件。本文通过对铜器上遗留的工艺痕迹进行肉眼观察,对铜器的铸型设计、芯撑情况、浇注位置等铸造工艺环节以及铸后加工的细节进行了初步的判断和复原,指出该批铜器的铸造工艺与安阳出土的殷墟前期同类器物基本相同,这一结果对认识和揭示这批青铜器的学术价值具有重要的意义。     

《坚持四项基本原则》的形成与历史地位

在全面拨乱反正的背景下,理论工作务虚会第一阶段对新中国成立以来的若干重大理论与历史问题进行了热烈讨论,但是会议期间出现了一些不协调的声音,引起中共中央的注意,加之社会上出现的错误思潮,影响了安定团结的局面。在这种情况下,邓小平代表中共中央在全国理论工作务虚会上作了《坚持四项基本原则》的报告,明确提出了"四个坚持"。这个报告在全国理论工作务虚会和随后召开的中央工作会议上引起热烈讨论,各地也很快掀起了一场贯彻学习四项基本原则、进行真理标准讨论"补课"的热潮。随着改革开放事业的发展,四项基本原则作为立国之本的地位被确立起来,并不断被赋予新的时代内涵。     

清代两淮盐场的灶户保甲及其与州县保甲之别

清代保甲制度在盐务系统的推行,强化了对基层灶户的监控,重在源头上稽查和告发私盐.文章重点考察两淮盐场保甲制的产生与实施、内容与特点,以及与州县民户保甲的区别,揭示灶户保甲在清代的适应性生成和演化的问题.一方面,食盐国家"专卖"体制,决定了灶户保甲的"专制"主义特色,组织化的保甲制与火伏制,共同构成盐务系统的基层治安网络.另一方面,灶户保甲的废弛,折射了保甲制"集体性惩罚"的悖论,"厉而不严",实质是社会衰败在盐务系统的突出表现与反映.     

晚清雨泽奏报制度在州县运行机制的研究——以循化厅档案为例

中国历代统治者都非常关注地方降水情况,要求各地定时向中央奏报雨泽,形成一种自下而上的雨泽奏报制度。本文主要利用循化厅档案资料考察晚清时期雨泽奏报制度在州县上的运行实态。州县雨泽奏报在程序上有旬报和月报之分,无论旬报还是月报,格式上均要逐日书写天气状况、降水起讫时刻和降水量多寡。除旬报和月报外,还存在另一种特殊的上报程序,即各属如遇夏雨冬雪要随时上报。统县政区和高级政区长官对州县雨泽上报格式、时限、人员、信息准确性等进行查核,是确保雨泽信息准确的重要保障。州县户房的书吏是具体负责雨泽信息收集并上报的人员,在此之外,农官上报也是雨泽、收成奏报的来源之一。     

明清时期江淮西部地区干湿状况研究(1450-1911)

对明清江淮西部地区的旱涝史料进行梳理,对逐年州县旱涝灾害资料等级进行量化处理,并通过计算旱涝平均等级值和10年滑动平均值,重建1450—1911年该区域的干湿变化时间序列。结果发现,该区1450—1911年间共出现6个干湿阶段: 1450—1490年,以轻度干旱为主;1491—1545年,旱涝灾害频发,干湿波动较为明显;1546—1625年,旱涝灾害少发,干湿比较平稳;1626—1710年,以中度干旱为主,极端干旱事件发生频率显著增加;1711—1860年,气候湿润;1861—1911年,干湿波动偏湿润。不同的干湿阶段对江淮西部的湖泊也造成了一定的影响,干旱时期,湖盆积水减少,湖周萎缩;湿润时期,降雨增加,湖泊的蓄水量增加。     

Stable Isotope Analysis of Human and Animal Remains at the Qijiaping Site in Middle Gansu,China

Intercontinental exchanges between communities living in different parts of Eurasia during the late prehistoric period have become increasingly popular as a topic of archaeological research. The Qijia culture, found in northwest China, is one of the key archaeological cultures that can shed light on trans‐Eurasian exchange because a variety of imports are found in this cultural context. These imports include new cereals and animals, which suggest that human diets may also have changed compared with previous periods. To understand human and animal diets of the Qijia culture, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from human and animal skeletal remains were analysed from the type site of the Qijia culture at Qijiaping. The results demonstrate that human diet at the site mainly consisted of millet and animals fed on millet. C₃ cereals, such as wheat and barley, did not contribute significantly to human diet, and no isotopic differences were found between adult and subadult diets. Furthermore, three outlying human results raise the possibility of exogenous individuals, perhaps in relation to the parallel movement of animals, crops and goods. This study provides human and animal dietary information for evaluating the nature of exchange and diffusion in eastern Eurasia at this time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沛国銍县徐氏考论

沛国銍县徐氏是我国历史上颇具影响的世家大族,它崛起于两汉之际,先祖徐宣任王莽讲学大夫,时逢国家以经义取士,徐宣及其子孙遂因累世经学而得累世公卿。汉魏鼎革,避乱南迁,改以医术名世,数代传承,家族医术取得了巨大成就,成为我国世家医术之杰出代表。又恰当社会崇尚黄老,重视养生,徐氏家族亦因累世医学而累世高官。本文在对徐氏家族居地移徙和成员履历行实考察的基础上,分析了该家族历二十一世数百年,人才辈出,绵延昌盛的原因,阐述了他们对我国中医学的贡献。