Evidence for a Neolithic Age fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system in the lower Yangtze River Delta,China

Establishing stable cropping systems was vital in antiquity, assuring certain yields and enabling ancient people to settle, thus possibly causing various modern food habits and culture to form around the world, especially in cereal-cultivation-dominated countries. China, one of the most famous ancient agricultural countries, has a long history of rice planting, and the fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system is prevalent in the lower Yangtze region, which is considered a rice domestication center. However, its origin and cultivation pattern remain unclear. We studied a famous agricultural vestige, the Chuodun site, involved in rice planting in the lower Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, during the Neolithic Age. Clear evidence from archaeology, paleobiology, pedology and biogeochemistry suggest both that the rice fire-irrigation cultivation system formed during the Neolithic Age and that ancient peoples lived there steadily. Under this extensive cultivation system, soil structures and properties changed significantly; in particular, it left more black carbon in the soil and increased the organic carbon soil stability, which can be used to reconstruct prehistoric environments. Meanwhile, the prevalent fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system used by farmers in this area, though for a different purpose than ancient people, may be inherited from the Neolithic Age.     

The Langkawi Global Geopark: local community’s perspectives on public education

The study reported in this paper represents one of the first attempts at exploring the perspectives of the local communities on the designation of Langkawi Island in Malaysia as a UNESCO Global Geopark. It is premised on the widely acknowledged assertion that the local communities constitute an important group of stakeholders in the planning and implementation of development activities. Hence, the communities living in the geopark areas in Langkawi are considered important stakeholders who play a crucial role in the development of heritage tourism in Langkawi Global Geopark. This paper examines their views on their appreciation of the geopark as heritage, the interpretation of their shared values, the benefits and opportunities afforded by the geopark, and the extent of their involvement in the implementation of geopark activities. The findings point to the need for more support for public education programmes, and awareness initiatives aimed not only at ensuring community engagement with the development of Langkawi Geopark but also at generating stewardship actions from the community.     

Dynamic Characteristic Analysis of Two Adjacent Multi-grid Composite Wall Structures with a Seismic Joint by a Bayesian Approach

Field ambient vibration tests and modal identification using a Bayesian approach are conducted for a building made of multi-grid composite wall structure and divided into two adjacent parts by a seismic joint, to investigate the dynamic characteristics of the special structural type and the effects of the infilled seismic joint. It is found that dynamic interactions between the two structural parts exist possibly induced by the infill of the building separation. Natural frequencies obtained from other two modal parameter identification methods and modal analysis results of finite element models considering dynamic interactions agree with those identified by the Bayesian approach.     

浅谈艺术市场中的艺术品投资越金

中国的艺术品市场增长迅猛,2010年起在全球的市场份额已从08年的第三位跃居到第一,并且每年持上升趋势。据统计,全国有各类收藏家及爱好者9000余万人,从国内艺术品投资情况看：十多年以前,一些企业家以个人或企业的名义开展收藏,其中很多企业在专家指导下已取得较好收益。如电广传媒等部分上市公司也将艺术品作为重要投资方向。从收藏界最权成机构——欧洲艺术基金会发布,2009年、2010年度中国艺术品拍卖市场的年度成交额分别为212．5亿元和573亿元,中国已取代法国成为世界第三的艺术品交易中心（美国第一,英国第二）。     

19世纪70年代的英国农业危机及其影响

１８７３年,资本主义世界爆发了一次空前严重的世界性经济危机,它标志着自由资本主义发展到顶点并开始向垄断资本主义过渡,从而使１９世纪７０年代成为资本主义发展史上具有转折意义的关键时期。英国这个在资本主义世界一直处于中心地位的国家,在这次危机中未能幸免,...     

嘉业堂藏书出售信函(上)

1940年前后,浙江南浔刘承干(字贞一,号翰怡,别署求恕居士)嘉业堂藏书经历了一次比较大的变故:由于日本侵略军铁蹄南下,江南地区的局势一片动荡,又由于家庭矛盾日剧,生活财用日渐匮乏,刘承干无力保护其辛苦所藏,便将其出售,当时日本在华的两大机构--大连满铁株式会社和上海同文书院参与此事.而在这两家机构的前台和背后,当时的日本军方势力、学者以及中国的文人、书贾甚至堕为民族败类的汉奸,也纷纷染指其中,从而展开了一场政治与学术相融、道义与强权并在的"文化交流"活动.这种在特定条件下私人藏书所遭遇的特殊命运,颇富有传奇色彩,而其中所包含的民族辛酸,更令人深感痛心.     

汉代“薅秧画像砖”再认识

汉代“薅秧画像砖”再认识@刘兴林$南京大学历史系!江苏南京市210093画像砖;;秧苗;;移栽;;汉代~~     

纾困与破局:清末财政监理制度研究

清代钦派专官巡查外省营伍和吏治夙有其例。清末新政期间,为督责外省开展各项新政改革,清廷逐步将过去个案性巡查活动转变为监理督查外省的常规化操作,财政层面则派遣监理官驻扎各省,监理督责清理财政,这是清季制度变动中引人注目的范例。监理官在外省监理权限的确定比较曲折,其官秩方面虽有提升,但实际授权仍存在诸多缺陷。监理官群体克服外官抵触和旧制惰性,基本实现了督责各省外销财政核实上报、建立近代预算制度的目标。清末财政监理制度虽具显效,却为其制度本身缺陷所限制,不可能挽救清廷财政颓势,然其鉴戒意义不应忽视。     

SEM在中国旅游研究中的方法论应用问题

本文使用元分析的研究方法,选取发表在《旅游学刊》、《旅游科学》、《旅游论坛》和《北京第二外国语学院学报》上的42篇关于结构方程模型（SEM）应用的文献进行分析。重点围绕样本容量、测量变量、模型评价以及研究局限等4个方面讨论SEM在中国旅游研究应用中的方法论问题,并在此基础上提出若干改进意见。