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刘复生 《中国边疆史地研究》2007,17(4):1-7
宋代承袭唐代的羁縻州制度,但发生了许多变化。部分"羁縻州"入宋以来就本不存在,部分"羁縻州"在北宋两次"开边"之后也不复存在,史籍辗转相承,不一定可靠,是一种扩大了的"虚像"。若用宋人赵升所言"受本朝官封,而时有进贡者,本朝悉为羁縻州"的标准来衡量,宋代的羁縻州制度是残缺不全的。 相似文献
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恢复高考是教育战线拨乱反正的一个重要突破,是中国高等教育发展史上的一个里程碑,对国家、社会和个人的发展都产生了深远的影响。在恢复高考这一决策过程中邓小平起了关键作用。他吸取了"文化大革命"时期高等教育的教训,号召要完整准确地理解毛泽东思想的科学体系,领导指导思想和教育战线上的拨乱反正,为恢复高考扫清了思想障碍;推动党和政府做出恢复高考的战略决策,实现了中国高等教育史上的一次重要转折;领导整顿教学秩序,为创造良好的高等教育环境做出了重要贡献。 相似文献
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During the Neolithic period, the Chengdu Plain was a key region where two important crops, rice and millet, were cultivated together. Millet was probably introduced from north-western China c.3500–3300 cal. bce , and rice came from the Middle Yangtze River c.2600 cal. bce . In this study, human and faunal remains, as well as charred crop grains, were collected from the Yingpanshan (3300–2600 cal. bce ) and Gaoshan (2500–2000 cal. bce ) sites where the dominant crop was millet and rice, respectively. Carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses were conducted on human bones and the ecofact samples in order to reconstruct the subsistence at the sites. The results indicate that the diets of two individuals recovered from the Yingpanshan site consisted of both C3- and C4-based foods, predominantly the former. By contrast, Yingpanshan pigs consumed a large quantity of C4 fodder. This result, combined with the ecofact evidence, suggests that millet was the main crop at the Yingpanshan site. It also highlights the fact that the two Yingpanshan individuals might be non-locals and/or belonged to later periods. On the other hand, the diet of the Gaoshan community was dominated by C3-based foods. When considering the archaeobotanical evidence at Baodun, a site contemporaneous with and near to the Gaoshan site, it can be stated that rice was an important food resource for the Gaoshan community. This study also suggests how crops were managed at the two sites. The Yingpanshan people might have used manure for growing millet. Both manuring and irrigation might have also been practised by Gaoshan's rice farmers. However, more studies are required to understand the extent of manuring and irrigation in their agricultural economies. 相似文献
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抗战前的西北交通建设 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
一、抗战前西北的战略地位与西北交通建设的提出抗战前的西北指陕西、甘肃、宁夏、绥远、青海、新疆六省,面积约占全国国土面积的32%,人口约占全国人口的6%,是一个地广人稀的地区。西北地区蕴藏了发展现代工业所需的绝大部分矿产资源。西北地区的矿产以新疆、青海为最多,陕西的石油,甘肃、新疆的金、银,宁夏的盐,绥远的石炭及铁等,都极其丰富。据统计,西北六省的主要矿产年产值可达1100多万元~①,但由于交通不便,大部分未能开发。西北同时也是国内的畜牧业中心,所产以牛、羊、马、骆驼、骡、驴、猪为大宗。西北地广人… 相似文献
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Piece mould casting technology, as a hall mark of the central plains of China during the Bronze Age, has attracted scholars' interest globally. Bronze ritual vessels found in this area were produced in large quantities and generally cast with the moulds composed of three or more sections. This enormous industry certainly required workers to have had professional knowledge to ensure the success of every single cast. Mould making technology was one of its most important parts. This research looks into the microstructure of bronze casting moulds of the Eastern Zhou period, which was a rarely studied topic in previous research. Through comparison with local pottery, it is shown that casting moulds in this period were produced with quite specialized sand-rich material, and clay was only a minor component. It is then discussed how this unique material can be beneficial to the bronze casting process and how this technology was integrated as a crucial part of the Chinese bronze casting system. These analyses might be able to portray mould makers in the ancient bronze foundries as a group of specialized people with their own traditions and professional knowledge. 相似文献
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从“民俗”到“语境中的民俗”——中国民俗学研究的范式转换 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
20世纪90年代中后期以来,中国民俗学学者开始从单纯的民俗事象研究,转向在语境中研究民俗,强调田野调查,强调在田野中观察民俗生活、民俗表演的情境、民俗表演的人际互动、民俗表演与社会生活、社会关系、文化传统之间的复杂关联等等,呈现出民族志式的整体研究取向,时空、人、社会、表演、变迁、日常生活等系列关键词,表明在语境中研究民俗的学者具有共同的问题、方法以及学术取向,初步具备学术范式的意义。 相似文献