博物馆影响力刍议

博物馆影响力的程度制约着博物馆社会价值实现充分与否,因而博物馆影响力问题处于博物馆理论体系的核心位置。博物馆影响力的产生基于博物馆物质资源、无形资源与现代媒介的应用;其特点体现为复杂性、非权力性与缓释性;其影响涉及公众、社会与同行业三个层面。而对博物馆影响力理论研究的最终目的在于寻求提升之路径。     

陕西子洲出土商代青铜容器铸造工艺观察分析

2010年11月,陕西省子洲县裴家湾镇关王岔村出土了6件青铜容器,包括尊、瓿、盘、觚、鼎、提梁卣各1件。本文通过对铜器上遗留的工艺痕迹进行肉眼观察,对铜器的铸型设计、芯撑情况、浇注位置等铸造工艺环节以及铸后加工的细节进行了初步的判断和复原,指出该批铜器的铸造工艺与安阳出土的殷墟前期同类器物基本相同,这一结果对认识和揭示这批青铜器的学术价值具有重要的意义。     

《坚持四项基本原则》的形成与历史地位

在全面拨乱反正的背景下,理论工作务虚会第一阶段对新中国成立以来的若干重大理论与历史问题进行了热烈讨论,但是会议期间出现了一些不协调的声音,引起中共中央的注意,加之社会上出现的错误思潮,影响了安定团结的局面。在这种情况下,邓小平代表中共中央在全国理论工作务虚会上作了《坚持四项基本原则》的报告,明确提出了"四个坚持"。这个报告在全国理论工作务虚会和随后召开的中央工作会议上引起热烈讨论,各地也很快掀起了一场贯彻学习四项基本原则、进行真理标准讨论"补课"的热潮。随着改革开放事业的发展,四项基本原则作为立国之本的地位被确立起来,并不断被赋予新的时代内涵。     

Political chess and vernacular discursive strategies: A study of the late Qing Sichuan Railway Protection Movement

ABSTRACT

Interdisciplinary literary and historical studies of late Qing vernacular are rare, and the vernacular texts of the Sichuan Railway Protection Movement have been overlooked by academics. This paper focuses on this topic, arguing that the discursive strategies in such texts revolved around the movement's aim of “breaking the agreement and protecting the railway,” and primarily included discourses on constitutionalism, financial interests, patriotism, cultural order, and the late emperor, as well the ideas of “ridding the emperor of evil ministers,” borrowed from traditional Chinese political discourses, and “national subjugation,” within the context of the national crisis. None of these discourses were “anti-Manchu” or “revolutionary,” yet they were able to mobilize the people of Sichuan to devote themselves to the Railway Protection Movement, as well as attracting the “sympathetic understanding” of high-ranking Sichuan officials, such as Wang Renwen 王人文 and Zhao Erfeng 赵尔丰, thus lending discursive power to the railway protection camp in its game of political chess with the Qing court. Meanwhile, the government's weak discursive power was an important factor in the overthrow of the Qing Dynasty by the revolutionary tide triggered by the Sichuan Railway Protection Movement. The discursive strategies in vernacular texts on railway protection (including the particularly strategic discourse on the late emperor) spread, transformed, and were reborn to varying degrees over the course of history.     

纾困与破局:清末财政监理制度研究

清代钦派专官巡查外省营伍和吏治夙有其例。清末新政期间,为督责外省开展各项新政改革,清廷逐步将过去个案性巡查活动转变为监理督查外省的常规化操作,财政层面则派遣监理官驻扎各省,监理督责清理财政,这是清季制度变动中引人注目的范例。监理官在外省监理权限的确定比较曲折,其官秩方面虽有提升,但实际授权仍存在诸多缺陷。监理官群体克服外官抵触和旧制惰性,基本实现了督责各省外销财政核实上报、建立近代预算制度的目标。清末财政监理制度虽具显效,却为其制度本身缺陷所限制,不可能挽救清廷财政颓势,然其鉴戒意义不应忽视。     

Crowdsourcing Model Research for the Identification of Post-Earthquake Rescue Objects

The quick and accurate identification of post-earthquake rescue objects can minimize the casualties and property loss caused by earthquakes. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, rescue objects can be identified through high-resolution remote sensing images. There are two main categories of approaches to identify rescue object through high-resolution images: automatic extraction by a computer and visual judgment by professionals. Although results can be obtained quickly by using automatic extraction, the accuracy of the results is unacceptably low. For visual judgment, the large demands for time and professionals restrict its wide practical application. In this study, we introduce crowdsourcing into the identification of post-earthquake rescue objects. First, we integrate the advantages of the computer and crowdsourcing, which means that the computer takes advantage of the speed of information processing, while crowdsourcing makes full use of human recognition capabilities. Second, we take visual judgment tasks out of the hands of professionals and entrust the tasks to workers in a crowdsourcing platform. Not only are the human resources infinite, but we can also improve the efficiency of identifying rescue objects. Third, we propose a crowdsourcing model that improves the quality of the results and saves human resources. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that our solution is feasible.     

尉氏元代壁画墓札记

尉氏县张氏镇壁画墓在最近的报道中被断为宋代。本文结合相关考古资料,从墓葬形制、壁画布局、仿木结构、人物服饰、墓门题记等几个方面进行对比分析,将该墓订正为元代。又依据文献记载和图像资料,对该墓壁画中“曾参行孝”和“焦花女哭麦”两组孝子图加以考证。并进一步梳理了考古所见二十四孝图像,发现其组合形式在宋金时期比较稳定,而元明时期则逐渐转向多元。     

Influence of Taoism on the invention of the purple pigment used on the Qin terracotta warriors

Until the 19th century, most pigments were based on naturally occurring colored minerals and dyes, with three significant exceptions: Egyptian Blue, Chinese Blue/Purple and Maya Blue. The former two are alkaline-earth copper silicates, and because of this similarity it has been proposed that the Chinese pigments were derived from Egyptian Blue. Herein, we analyzed clumps of pigment from the Qin warriors and discovered that in spite of the structural similarity to Egyptian Blue, the micro-structural morphology of Chinese Purple is very different. Therefore, we believe that the synthesis technology for the Chinese pigments was a by-product of high-refractive index glasses (artificial jades) produced by Taoist monks. Further, the disappearance of these pigments from Chinese art and monuments concurrently with the decline of Taoism not only substantiates the link between the two, but also gives a striking example of how cultural changes in the society affected the scientific developments in ancient China.     

《女界钟》:解读国民革命思想中性别意识的重要文本

中国近代历史上的第一部系统介绍女权思想的著作《女界钟》,首次比较系统地提出了女性参政的思想。《女界钟》批驳了女性不宜参政的生理差异决定论,并从女性参政权与女权、女性参政权与国民革命两个方面讨论了女性如何参政的问题。诞生于辛亥革命前的《女界钟》带有过渡时期的某些特点,亦中亦西,希图摒弃传统追求现代。