汉代漆器的剖析

通过制备并分析一系列模拟漆膜样品。建立了有助于鉴定汉代漆器成分的剖析方法。经裂解气相色谱、差热分析、色谱一红外联用等现代分析技术对出土的汉代漆器残片样品的综合分析,证实在西汉漆器制造中已使用桐油或其它的添加剂,并依据剖析的结果,对某些汉代漆器的原材料差异作了初步探讨。     

Locating Vehicle Inspection Stations to Protect a Transportation Network

We develop a new conceptual approach to locating inspection stations for hazardous vehicles, prevention, and compare it to the previous, punitive, philosophy of the flow-capturing location model. We implement this preventive protection philosophy with a new mixed integer program that maximizes hazard avoidance by locating a number of inspection stations to detect and remove hazardous vehicles as early in their trips as possible. We test the model's performance and analyze the spatial characteristics of solutions simulating several potential applications. Our computations demonstrate that a relaxed integer-linear program is overly demanding computationally and that a simple greedy heuristic lacks robustness. We suggest further approaches to developing more powerful and efficient solution methods.     

The impacts of parental migration on children’s subjective well-being in rural china: a double-edged sword

ABSTRACT

The emerging problem of left-behind children has attracted mounting academic and policy attention. Prior studies primarily cast light on left-behind children’s education, health, and behavior, while their subjective well-being is much less understood yet. Based on a nationally representative sample of rural children aged 10–15 in 2014, we examine the impacts of different types of parental migration on children’s subjective well-being and how these affects vary between boys and girls. The results show that parental migration is a double-edged sword: children from both-parent migrant families report compromised life satisfaction and relationship quality compared with those in integral families, and mother-only migration significantly lowers children’s subjective health. On the flip side, father-only migration enhances children’s aspiration for attaining college, an encouraging effect that is even stronger than that of parental education and family income. These effects are heterogeneous by children’s gender: boys seem to be more susceptible to the disruptive effects of both-parent migration; mother-only migration effectively promotes girls’ educational aspiration while father-only migration promotes boys’. This study portrays a comprehensive image of left-behind children. Relaxation of hukou restriction, equal access to education, and revitalization of rural economies are imperative to improve the well-being of left-behind children.

Abbreviations: LBC: Left-behing children; SWB: subjective well-being     

WELL-FORGED "WALKING GOLD"——THE SHEEP BREEDING INDUSTRY IN THE GAMPA COUNTY

正It is just the dawn,but the sheepfolds have already begun to move restlessly.Sunlight makes its way in.Tashi Tsedan and Redan open the sheepfolds one after another.Flocks of sheep suddenly gush out like an influx of water from an opened gate.These two herdsmen from Jirong Village in Drik Town of Gampa County are fulfilling their duty grazing these flocks of Gampa sheep,a well-known breed of Tibetan sheep.     

南京大屠杀时期的南京市自治委员会与安全区国际委员会

侵华日军攻占南京之后,为"恢复社会治安,矫正难民依靠欧美的弊风,确立自立自治的规范。"日军当局决定成立南京市自治委员会以取代由西方人士组成的安全区国际委员会,从而建立亲日自治傀儡政权。在日军当局的操纵下,南京市自治委员会通过全面侵蚀安全区国际委员会的行政、治安和救济权力,迫使国际委员会更名为"国际救济委员会",从而使其成了一个纯粹的民间救济机构。尽管南京市自治委员会在救济难民、掩埋尸体、清扫城市卫生等方面做了许多工作,但却无法改变其"汉奸"和"二鬼子"的形象,更无法取代西方人士在难民心中的"活菩萨"地位。     

茶食与当代乡民礼俗——关于鲁西刘庆洪村茶食礼俗的调查报告

作为一类食品的名称,"茶食"一词的出现已经有千年的历史了。《大金国志·婚姻》记载:"婿纳币,皆先期拜门,亲属偕行,以酒馔往,酒三行,进大软脂小软脂,如中国寒具,次进蜜糕,人各一盘,曰茶食。1"《北辕录》中亦云:"金国宴南使,未行酒,先设茶筵,进茶一盏,谓之茶食。2"从这里看,所谓茶食,最初应是指佐茶的点心。女真人是以肉、奶为主食的游牧民族,非常喜欢消食除腻的茶。而     

关于美国民主的清教渊源

本文利用新英格兰殖民地的一些原始档案,通过考察新英格兰清教政体创立和运作的宗教理念以及立法、实践诸情况,论证新英格兰清教蕴含现代美国民主的某些理念和形式,具体体现为限权政府思想和地方教会自治原则,并且清教徒在现实生活中也在一定程度上享受某些“民主”权利。不过,这些“民主”倾向尚未完全跳出欧洲宗教改革运动的藩篱,在新英格兰殖民地创立初期尤为如此,因此,有很大的时代局限性,不可与现代美国民主观念相互混谈,更不可等同。虽然如此,随着时代的推移和新英格兰殖民地现实生活的演进,清教不可避免地日益世俗化,最终成为现代美国民主的来源之一。     

对编纂资料性国史书的几点思考——以《中华人民共和国日史》为例

中共十一届三中全会以来,随着中华人民共和国史研究的广泛开展,一批体例各异、详略不一的资料性国史书相继出版。四川人民出版社2003年8月推出的卷帙浩繁的《中华人民共和国日史》(以下简称《日史》),就是其中之一。该书以年分卷,逐日记事,上自1949年10月1日起,下至1999年12月31日止,共计50卷。编纂者称该书是国家断代性质历史,     

佛光寺东大殿实测数据解读

结合山西省古建筑保护研究所2004年、清华大学2005—2006年对五台山佛光寺东大殿的手工测绘和三维激光扫描测量,本文借鉴前辈学者对于佛光寺东大殿原始设计尺寸权衡的论述,在今天毫米级精度的测量数据的基础上,得出以下结论:东大殿所用营造尺长298毫米,中五间开间1丈7尺,标准柱高同之;斗拱材宽7寸;斗拱下昂斜度等于总举斜度,基本斜度可描述成“平出47分~(?),抬高21分~(?)”,总举为此基本斜度的11倍,稍间、进深各间尺寸因此定为1丈4尺8寸;中平槫到柱头的高度等于总举高。通过上述的分析与结论,本文强调提高古建筑测绘数据全面性和精度的重要意义及深远的科研前景。