自然与城市历史的缠绕 ——草海之城堪萨斯城的变迁

堪萨斯城崛起于密苏里河与堪萨斯河的交汇处,是一个依赖大平原的农牧业所建立的美国中西部都市。铁路助力资本打破了自然的种种限制,令大平原转化为堪萨斯城的腹地。虽然征服自然以实现城市经济的永续增长,一直是堪萨斯城,乃至整个资本主义制度与经济文化的野心,但是成为腹地并不意味着自然完全受到资本与技术力量的操纵,更不意味着自然的消失。作为一种自发的、独立的力量,自然以其丰饶奠定城市发展的基础,也以其极限挑战着城市发展的野心和规划。在堪萨斯城的故事中,1930年代的尘暴与1951年的洪水以灾难的形式迫使这个城市去适应新的生态现实。     

Damage or protection? The role of smoked crust on sandstones from Yungang Grottoes

Black crusts, such as dust deposit and smoked smudge, are the main pollutants in Yungang Grottoes, the world famous Buddhist heritage site. It is always considered that the black crust should be removed during the conservation process of stones. In this paper, the investigation of the role of smoked crust on the Yungang sandstones was performed to verify if the smoked layer on the stone surface would be harmful or protective. The results of SO₂ corrosion experiments with and without water both show that the samples covered with smoked layer can play a protective role on the sandstones, which means that the smoked layer on the stones can prevent the attack of SO₂ and water, the major deterioration agents in Yungang area. The multi-factor deterioration cycle experiments, including salt crystallization, freeze–thaw damage, wet–dry cycle and acid corrosion, also indicate that the smoked samples are less deteriorated and salt crystallization is the most severe damage to the sandstones.     

Application of Kernel Density Estimates to Lead Isotope Compositions of Bronzes from Ningxia,North‐West China

The aim of this paper is to apply kernel density estimates (KDEs) to the visualization and interpretation of lead isotope data from bronze assemblages found along the northern border of central China, here designated as the Arc. New lead isotope analyses of 30 leaded tin–bronze artefacts from the Wangdahu cemetery (c.500–300 bc ) in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, north‐west China, provide the basis for the discussion. By using multivariate KDEs and the calculated likelihood of the overlap, the present work shows that the Wangdahu objects feature a unique linear array of isotope ratios, representing an important element of overall bronzes from the Arc in the first millennium bc . This characteristic isotope signature is fundamentally different from that of Dajing ores in north‐east China, as well from that of early Qin bronzes in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces. This suggests that a variety of metal resources were utilized by peoples living in the Arc. The KDE approach thus proves effective at presenting and comparing lead isotope data.     

集体化时期广东省农村工业的起步(1952～1984)

集体化时期广东省农村工业的发展历程说明:中国农村工业化的历史进程,不仅要注意到改革开放后乡镇企业的快速发展上,而且要考察集体化时期的农村工业化发展的历史。这其中包括:合作化与农村副业的兴起、社队企业与农村工业化的发展。全面梳理集体化和乡村工业之间的关系,能够为我们今天思索乡村的现代化之路提供借鉴。     

Howchinia Cushman, 1927 (Foraminifera) from the Mississippian Bei’an Formation and its distribution in South China

Shen, Y. & Wang, X.L., July 2016. Howchinia Cushman, 1927 (Foraminifera) from the Mississippian Bei’an Formation and its distribution in South China. Alcheringa 40, xxx–xxx. ISSN 0311-5518.

Howchinia Cushman is a useful biostratigraphic marker for Mississippian rocks. In South China, Howchinia has been reported from four sections: the Bei’an, Baping, Naqing and Yashui sections; with high species diversity in the Bei’an section. Ten species from the Mississippian Bei’an Formation in the Bei’an section are described in this paper: Howchinia bradyana, H. beleutensis, H. gibba, H. plana, H. convexa, H. subconica, H. subplana, Howchinia sp. A, Howchinia sp. B. and Howchinia beianensis sp. nov. Howchinia ranges from late Visean to early Bashkirian in South China. Howchinia species inhabited both shallow-water and relatively deep-water environments.

Yang Shen [shenybj@126.com] and Xun-Lian Wang [wxl@cugb.edu.cn], State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, PR China.     

明式经典家具中的传统文化

一个民族有一个民族的文化体系,有什么样的文化体系就会有什么样的建筑体系,有什么样的建筑体系就会有什么样的家具体系。中国建筑作为世界三大独立的建筑体系之一,自然就会有自己独立的家具体系,这个体系就是明式家具体系。明式经典家具是唐宋元明建筑空间艺术功能化的提炼和结晶,是中国古代建筑艺术的延续和升华。西式空间讲究的是焦点透视和平     

“官窑”三题

中国古代宫廷用瓷的取得经历了"贡窑"、"制样需索"、"官窑"三种模式,时间上有先后也有重合。"官窑"是一种专称,由宫廷设置窑场,组织和管理生产并控制产品流向。从窑址发掘和文献记载的情况看,将废次品打碎后掩埋似乎并非官窑的一种制度,而是官窑处理废次品的一种偶然现象。南宋时,龙泉窑生产的黑胎厚釉青瓷与官窑产品非常相似,龙泉窑与官窑的关系需要重新审视。     

西田哲学的文化观、国家观与世界观述评

西田哲学的文化观主张只有"矛盾自己同一"的日本文化才是真正的"创造性"文化。西田哲学的国家观在证明国家存在的"绝对价值"和"永恒性"的基础上,借助宗教原理强调日本皇室的"绝对无"的性质,并把日本的"国体本意"赞颂为"世界最优"的国体。西田哲学的世界观宣扬皇室的"世界性",倡导建立一个使世界各国"沐浴皇室光辉"的"世界新秩序"。在西欧中心主义主导世界的近代,强调开放性、多元性的西田哲学体现出突出的个性和创造性价值。然而,也必须关注在西田哲学的文化观、国家观和世界观中,存在的本民族优越论倾向。     

读志用志新形式的探索与实践

如何将志书资料盘活,推动读志用志工作的开展,是当前地方志部门面临的一个重要课题。要从创新思路,读志用志另辟蹊径;深入调研,广泛征集建馆资料;精心建设,充分展现方志成果;积极宣传,努力扩大社会影响四个方面介绍探索读志用志形式的做法。这种以建造社区展览馆的形式宣传志书内容,征集方志资源、整理地情资料,展示地方志工作成果,不断拓宽地方志工作领域的做法,使方志资料真正做活,影响真正做大,方志工作也由此走出了一条建馆与服务文化发展、服务社区百姓相结合的可持续发展之路,场馆成为和谐文化、和谐社区建设的主阵地。     

云冈20窟佛坐像对太和期单尊佛像的影响

云冈20窟佛像的图样来源属于犍陀罗-凉州系统佛像,其坐像的衣纹形式在昙曜五窟中别具一格。至云冈第2期即太和时期,以20窟佛坐像为范本的石窟佛像和单尊铜石佛像盛行一时,确立了太和时期独具特色的佛像形式。