魏晋南北朝"吏户"问题再献疑——"吏"与"军吏"辨析

"吏户"论所指的"吏"是行政系统的"吏",但是在具体论证时,却常常以军事系统的"军吏"——如"将吏"、"吏士"、"吏兵"、"武射吏"、"武吏"、"文武吏"等有关资料作为证据,这不仅将行政系统之"吏"与军事系统之"吏"乃至士兵混为一谈,而且根据这种资料所作出的论断就很难说是符合历史实际的。     

咸淳《毗陵志》地名学研究

咸淳《毗陵志》是宋元时期著名方志,在地名学史上也占有重要地位。据不完全统计,它共载地名986条,释源地名166条（不含别名）,释名率高达16．8％,地名文化色彩浓。它对地名的音、形、义均作考释,且地名渊源解释详尽。此外,一些地名还能考补正史、辑录佚文,具有较高的史料价值。     

从插曲到序曲:河间赈务与盛宣怀洋务事业初期的转危为安

长期以来,学界甚少注意盛宣怀在光绪四年办理的河间赈务。实际上,只有从实践的角度出发来认识河间赈务与盛宣怀同时期洋务活动之间的复杂关系,才能更为准确地理解盛宣怀此时的整个实践活动及其内在脉络。这个例子同时表明,要推进盛宣怀研究,不仅应对其以赈灾事务为代表的社会实践活动给予足够重视,而且应根据这类活动蕴含的社会史脉络,为理解盛宣怀增加新的视角。     

Crowdsourcing Model Research for the Identification of Post-Earthquake Rescue Objects

The quick and accurate identification of post-earthquake rescue objects can minimize the casualties and property loss caused by earthquakes. With the rapid development of remote sensing technology, rescue objects can be identified through high-resolution remote sensing images. There are two main categories of approaches to identify rescue object through high-resolution images: automatic extraction by a computer and visual judgment by professionals. Although results can be obtained quickly by using automatic extraction, the accuracy of the results is unacceptably low. For visual judgment, the large demands for time and professionals restrict its wide practical application. In this study, we introduce crowdsourcing into the identification of post-earthquake rescue objects. First, we integrate the advantages of the computer and crowdsourcing, which means that the computer takes advantage of the speed of information processing, while crowdsourcing makes full use of human recognition capabilities. Second, we take visual judgment tasks out of the hands of professionals and entrust the tasks to workers in a crowdsourcing platform. Not only are the human resources infinite, but we can also improve the efficiency of identifying rescue objects. Third, we propose a crowdsourcing model that improves the quality of the results and saves human resources. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that our solution is feasible.     

Evidence for a Neolithic Age fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system in the lower Yangtze River Delta,China

Establishing stable cropping systems was vital in antiquity, assuring certain yields and enabling ancient people to settle, thus possibly causing various modern food habits and culture to form around the world, especially in cereal-cultivation-dominated countries. China, one of the most famous ancient agricultural countries, has a long history of rice planting, and the fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system is prevalent in the lower Yangtze region, which is considered a rice domestication center. However, its origin and cultivation pattern remain unclear. We studied a famous agricultural vestige, the Chuodun site, involved in rice planting in the lower Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, during the Neolithic Age. Clear evidence from archaeology, paleobiology, pedology and biogeochemistry suggest both that the rice fire-irrigation cultivation system formed during the Neolithic Age and that ancient peoples lived there steadily. Under this extensive cultivation system, soil structures and properties changed significantly; in particular, it left more black carbon in the soil and increased the organic carbon soil stability, which can be used to reconstruct prehistoric environments. Meanwhile, the prevalent fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system used by farmers in this area, though for a different purpose than ancient people, may be inherited from the Neolithic Age.     

黄庭坚谪巴蜀年谱诗文尺牍文物考证

绍圣二年(乙亥,1095)五十一岁,在陈留,经许昌、江陵,进峡,经巫山、施州至黔州 《书自作草后》(《山谷集》):"绍圣甲戌在黄龙山中,忽得草书三味."黄龙山,在安徽贵池县北五里.绍圣元年九月,山谷过池州.池州,今贵池县."得草书三味",指得石扬休曾藏唐人怀素《自叙帖》.     

论三门峡秦人洞室墓的年代

本文在分析三门峡秦人墓中洞室墓各型式的基础上,对各型式墓葬的年代分别进行了讨论,进而认为,三门峡秦人墓中的洞室墓最早出现于战国晚期,并一直延续到西汉中期.     

从《述善集》看元代小人物的创作

《述善集》是元代濮阳西夏遗民唐兀崇喜邀其师友为其家族所作的诗文集,作者主要是一些生活于乡村、名不见经传的小人物,他们的创作展示了一个真实生动的濮阳地方文坛。"《述善集》多族士人圈"沟通了京师与地方,濮阳地方文学也因此与元末主流文坛发生了密切关系,成为元末文坛主张关注现实的一派在民间的反响。执教于国子学的张翥、危素,无论是理学思想还是文学思想,都对濮阳小人物创作产生了直接的影响。     

几种红岩碑拓片考释

红岩碑是贵州著名古迹,而数年来考释者频仍不断,众说纷纭,至今无一定论。碑之原迹早已不存,研究者大多是以拓本摩本为据。然而红岩碑传世拓本摩本种类繁多,据统计近30种。而其形状不一,内容各异,让人依违难决。贵州省博物馆收藏有数种红岩碑拓片,应是历史上流传较广且影响较大的本子,本文对它们的历史渊源及有关事实作一些查考,期于研究者慎选工作底本。     

Judicial Changes in Qing Beijing during the Shunzhi Period (1644–61)

The judicial system in Qing Beijing integrated both Ming and Manchu institutions. In the Ming judicial system, the first level of courts in Beijing included the Ministry of Justice and the Censorate, and on the second level was the Court of Judicial Review. During the Ming, however, this system became heavily disrupted by the intelligence security apparatuses, like the Eastern Depot. In the Manchu system, on the first level of courts was the banner company captains and on the second level was the Ministry of Justice. After 1644, the Ming’s institutional legacies and lessons remained so important to Manchu rulers that they eventually created an integrated legal system that primarily drew from the Ming system. This integration reflected the Qing dynasty’s endeavor to adopt Ming institutions. Prince Regent Dorgon insisted upon judicial separation on the first level of the courts—Censors of the Five Wards could not settle cases involving banner people, nor could the banner system handle cases involving civilians—while the Shunzhi emperor and his successors wanted judicial unity in Beijing and ordinary banner people and civilians to be adjudicated by the same courts.