Bone frequencies: differential transport, in situ destruction,and the MGUI

Human transport of bones with high food values, and destruction of bones with low density values are the traditionally invoked explanations of the frequencies of bones in archeological contexts. The manner in which these two explanations have been used suggests archaeologists assume the explanations to be independent of one another. The transport explanation is operationalized as the modified general utility index (MGUI) of Binford, and the destruction explanation is operationalized with measures of bone density. Statistical correlation of the MGUI with bone density, while weak, indicates that many high utility bones have low density values while many low utility bones have high density values. Because low density bones tend to be destroyed more readily than high density bones, inferences of human utility strategies derived from bone frequencies and based on the MGUI may be inaccurate. The utility strategies suggested by three archaeofaunas are compared to bone density, and two of these faunas are shown to potentially be the result of differential destruction and not human transport as measured by the MGUI.     

Embodied bicycle commuters in a car world

As an initiative to increase cycling, bike to work (BTW) events emphasize a pragmatic approach in which people learn through sensory experience. Pragmatism contends that the lived experience of the commuter within fluid geographies of social and physical conditions informs commuting knowledge and behavior. I researched how bicyclists participate in the 2012 BTW event in Lake Tahoe (USA) and how these experiences facilitate the process of becoming bicycle commuters. My study included participant observations, interviews, video observations, and route mapping. I analyzed this data with thematic and narrative analyses. I find that the BTW event illuminates bicycling, a normally invisible practice in a car world, and creates temporary bicycle-friendly spaces that provide the embodied experience and knowledge of bicycle commuting within context. Through this lived experience, participants can break free from unconscious car-based patterns and become embodied bicycle commuters who engage in active renegotiations of their commuting practices.     

论贾谊的帝王之术

先秦诸子的道德之论,也就是帝王之术,同归于执本秉要,清虚自守。贾谊进一步阐明了这个观点,认为“道”是人君取得成功的最高政治法则,并且认为“道”的内容就是“善”。而贾谊道德论的实质是以“有为”为“无为”。为适应汉王朝大一统的政治需要,贾谊提出以“有为”的方法治理国家,实现老子提出的天下有道时无为而无不为的理想政治状态。     

妈祖文化与地理环境

妈祖(又称天妃、天后)及其妈祖文化,自诞生至今已千余年了,它作为中华民族文化的组成部分,源远流长,蕴含丰富。它涉及到中国的政治、经济、文化、航海、宗教、民俗、建筑等诸多方面,已有不少学者在上述方面对其进行研究。但从地理学角度来研究这个问题甚少。本文拟从地理学角度来研究妈祖文化,探讨她的形成、发展与地理环境的关系。     

江苏县域集镇规模体系与可持续发展研究

集镇可持续发展的实质是既要让农村居民享受现代文明的城市生活,又要保护乡村良好的自然环境,这必然涉及到集镇群体的规模体系构成和职能分工。集镇规模体系是相对单个集镇而言,当社会经济发展到一定阶段时,县域内若干个社会、经济等方面相互联系的集镇,由于发展条件和历史选择不同,必然构成一个规模体系。它是在县域范围内具有不同规模等级、职能有一定分工、相互联系、空间分布有序的集镇群体。其职能是组织商品的生产、流通、提供各种服务、实施社会管理等。本文首先提出了集镇规模体系的优化标准,然后提出了江苏县域集镇规模体系的框架和逐步实现上述框架的集镇发展的程序。