荥阳官庄遗址两周时期制陶原料的来源及加工工艺分析

为探讨官庄遗址两周之际制陶原料的选取与陶泥料加工工艺的差异,本研究以官庄遗址泥料坑出土夹砂陶泥料、泥质陶泥料及泥制陶坯、夹砂陶坯,和遗址所在自然沉积地层中的全新世古土壤、马兰黄土、附近枯河河道河砂为主要研究对象,采用粒度、磁化率、X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析方法对样品进行分析实验。研究结果表明:1)官庄制陶原料来自于遗址所处地点的晚更新世、全新世以来的沉积地层,其中夹砂陶泥料和陶坯中的羼合料主要取自于枯河河道中的河砂;2)遗址使用期间,早晚不同时期的陶泥料选取和加工工艺有所不同——早期以马兰黄土或全新世古土壤为原料,经严格的淘洗工序后,选用优势组分为1～11 μm的部分添加河砂制备成夹砂陶泥料,粗粒河砂与细粒黏土比例为1∶4;而晚期出现了以全新世古土壤为原料,直接或只经过简单淘洗工序后制备成泥质陶泥料。     

汉魏人物品鉴的审美取向——蔡邕所撰碑文与刘邵《人物志》的比较

蔡邕撰写的碑文和刘邵的《人物志》，分别是人物品鉴的文学显现和理论总结，蔡邕的碑文和魏晋时期人物品鉴具有一致的审美取向．二者一脉相承。蔡邕和刘邵都充分肯定人的美好禀赋和天性，注重的是才性，这也是魏晋玄学的重要论题。只是在追溯才性的来源时，两人有同有异。     

古代染料及其分析检测技术

纺织品考古具有百年历史,但纺织品科技考古是一个新兴的研究领域。其中,古代染料的分析检测可以提供天然染料的来源、相关染色方法,甚至纺织品文物的生产地点和时间等重要信息,从而为古代文物的修复和保护提供科学依据,且有助于了解古代纺织服饰的色彩文化。古代染料按颜色分可分为红色系染料、蓝色系染料和黄色系染料等,其中:红色系染料中植物染料较为常见的有红花、苏木和茜草等,动物染料主要有南美胭脂虫、克玫兹胭脂虫和紫胶虫等；蓝色系染料一般为靛青,主要从含靛植物中获得,中国历史上使用的含靛植物主要有马蓝、木蓝、蓼蓝和菘蓝；黄色系染料主要包括黄栌、槐米、黄檗和姜黄等。目前,用于古代染料分析检测的方法主要有光纤反射光谱(FORS)、荧光光谱(FS)、高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)和表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)技术等,这些方法具有各自特点,为纺织品文物上天然染料的研究提供了科学支持。     

从蟠虺纹簠的分析结果看青铜器修复非遗技艺

故宫藏蟠虺纹簠是一件战国时期青铜器。借助X射线影像技术、X射线荧光技术、X射线衍射技术和激光拉曼光谱仪、紫外荧光照相技术和显微红外光谱仪对蟠虺纹簠内部伤况、锈蚀物相和锈蚀层次、蟠虺纹簠原修复痕迹、断口疑似“胶状物”等进行了科技检测。结果表明：蟠虺纹簠原破损严重，基体成分为铜锡铅合金，锈蚀物相主要为黑铜矿、赤铜矿和孔雀石。原修复材料中使用的有机物为虫胶，做旧中使用了硫酸钡、硫化锌、碳酸钙、铅铬黄、群青、巴黎绿和氯铜矿等颜料。最后，基于对蟠虺纹簠的研究，对“京派”青铜器修复技艺的特点进行了说明，蟠虺纹簠原修复技艺与故宫博物院传统青铜器修复技艺相差不大，应均属于“京派”青铜器修复技艺范畴。     

基于腾讯迁徙大数据的长三角城市群春运人口流动时空特征

开展城市群人口流动研究对促进区域人口有序流动和城市群协同发展具有重要的理论和实践指导意义。本文基于腾讯迁徙大数据，运用GIS空间统计和K-shell分解等方法，从人口流动总量、位序、时序和网络层级等方面，对我国长三角城市群2018年春运期间的人口流动特征进行系统研究。结果表明：①长三角城市群春运期间大规模的“返乡流”和“返城流”呈现明显的对称性，并分别于除夕和第一个工作日达到最高峰。②经济发展水平相对较高的上海、苏州、杭州等为劳动力输入型城市，而经济发展水平相对较低的盐城、安庆和滁州等为劳动力输出型城市。③长三角城市群内部人口流动网络具有明显的层级特征，其中上海和杭州是人口辐射核心城市，上海-合肥、上海-南京、上海-杭州等是人口流动的主体路径；空间上东部-西部横向人口流动最为频繁，大体呈现“Z”字形。     

旅游城镇化空间过程及其动力机制研究——重庆市黄水镇案例实证

以重庆市黄水镇为案例，以GIS空间分析方法为基础，研究2004年以来黄水镇旅游城镇化空间过程，并揭示其动力机制。主要结论如下：①黄水镇旅游城镇化空间过程经历了传统社区的旅游化功能提升、第二居所为主导的度假功能扩展以及各种休闲组团的综合功能配套三个阶段。②土地利用转移的主要方向是住宅用地尤其是第二居所用地。旅游商服用地也加速增长，传统商服用地也有所扩展，在空间上传统商服用地主要沿老街分布，旅游商服用地沿新街集聚。③旅游城镇化实质上是游客、政府、社区居民、旅游企业等不同利益主体之间反复博弈的结果。研究也发现，以黄水镇为代表的小城镇旅游城镇化是一种以"就地就近"城镇化为基础，实现"自发自觉"文化保护与传承，通过建立"共建共享"多主体共治体系，形成"外向型"旅游服务业主导的理想化模式。     

河南荥阳官庄遗址陶范物源及制作工艺分析

Guanzhuang site is located in the west of Guanzhuang Village, Gaocun Township, Xingyang City, Henan Province. From the site, more than 3 000 pottery moulds have been unearthed, with various types, including the moulds for containers, tools, chariots, weapons, money and core, etc. According to the types and decorations of pottery moulds and the characteristics of co - existing pottery, the pottery moulds of Guanzhuang site can be divided into two periods—Phase I dating from the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early Spring and Autumn Period, and phase TJ considered between the early and middle Spring and Autumn Period. The change of bronze ware styles from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period was important in the development of ancient Chinese bronze wares. Due to the lack of archaeological data, research on pottery moulds during the two - week period was still insufficient; discussion of the important issue of standardizing the sources of raw materials was also relatively weak. Environmental archaeology has relatively mature methods and practices in depositional dynamics, depositional processes and provenance tracing, which could provide new ideas for further in - depth discussions on this issue. In order to understand the material sources and craftsmanship of pottery moulds unearthed from Guanzhuang site in Xingyang, Henan Province, samples of Guanzhuang pottery moulds and natural sedimentary strata were studied using particle size analysis, XRF and petrographic analysis to give the following results. 1) The raw materials for mould - making were taken from the late Pleistocene Malan loess layer under the cultural layer of the site. The Malan loess underwent simple manual elutriation before being used to make pottery moulds. 2) A small amount of plant ash and calcium nodule powder was added during the production process of pottery moulds as an admixture to increase the high - temperature resistance. 3) The inner side of pottery mould for container was mainly made of Malan loess, while the outer one was made of a mixture of Malan loess and river sand with a blending ratio of about 7:5. Pottery moulds for various ware types had different processing techniques (e.g., moulds for containers were more refined). Besides, compared with early pottery moulds, later ones are relatively rougher, but the difference is not obvious. 4) The petrographic characteristics of double - layer container moulds indicate that there are different production processes for the inner and outer sides of mould. The inner side was made of Malan loess with finer particles—below 100 μm—as the raw material after elutriation, and there were traces of directional trimming. The outer one was made of a mixture of two parts of minerals (coarse and fine), and there was no obvious processing trace. Analysis of sample particle size is a new attempt to discuss the material sources of pottery moulds. The related discussion of mud - clarifying ponds is also helpful to understand the function of such relics and the formation process of accumulation in them. This study has important reference significance for exploring the material and craft characteristics of pottery moulds before and after the early Spring and Autumn Period in the Central Plains. © 2023, Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology. All Rights Reserved.     

古籍墨迹的老化检测及其模拟实验研究

随着纸质文物保护工作的推进,针对古籍纸张载体的保护研究已逐步深入,但对于古籍纸张上的墨、颜料等其他写印材料的保护及写印材料之间的相互作用则亟待研究。其中,古籍墨迹的老化研究有助于揭示墨与纸相互作用的本质,对于古籍文物的保护具有非常重要的意义。以复旦大学图书馆藏古籍《三十二兰亭室诗存》墨迹的老化现象为出发点,通过显微镜观察、表面pH值测定、显微拉曼(micro-Raman)和傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱法等多种无损、微损的检测手段多尺度分析了墨迹泛黄的现象,结果显示墨迹处及周边黄晕纤维与空白部分纤维相比,光泽缺失且略显糟朽,酸性更强,表面氧化基团增多,说明墨可能对纸张的老化降解产生了影响。通过设计纸墨浸润模拟老化实验对此进行验证,结果显示与偏中性墨汁相比,尽管墨汁中胶料对纤维有一定保护作用,但偏酸性墨汁对纸张老化的促进作用使pH值、抗张性能及耐折性能的下降趋势更明显,聚合度保留率也较低。墨字模拟老化实验佐证了前述结论,使用酸性更强的墨汁书写的字迹,周围纸张酸性更强,色差也更显著。以上结果表明,墨汁的酸碱性质对纸张的老化降解进程有很重要的影响。这不仅揭示出古籍存藏过程中受墨影响的纸张老化机制以及模拟实验合理设计对于系统探究老化机制及纸墨相互作用的重要性,也对古籍保护工作范畴的扩大和策略的制定具有指导意义,并为修复用墨的研制提供了思路。