试论清末至民国康区外国教会

本文主要根据档案文献资料,旨在证明康区外国教会的传播与发展,经营时期上,集中于清朝中后期至民国;经营地域方面,以甘孜藏区为中心,向周围渗透;康区反洋教斗争具有多重性;康区外国教会在本质上,无疑扮演着西方列强侵略康藏地区先锋角色,但开办文化教育、医疗等事业等,又在客观上有积极的作用。     

中国旅游业地域不平衡分析

由于多种因素:中国自然地理条件、社会历史文化、经济状况等的区域差异,使我国旅游业表现出地域差异。因此本文根据三大地区的划分,着重比较了各地区的供给与需求的差异,并分析了其差异性的根源。在旅游供给的地域不平衡部分,对旅游供给的四个部分:旅游资源及其开发阶段与趋势、旅游设施、旅游服务、旅游基础设施进行分析。在需求的地域不平衡部分,对国内旅游、海外旅游、出境旅游逐个进行了分析。最后提出了我国区域旅游业发展的策略。     

《三朝北盟会编》研究

在传世的宋代典籍中,徐梦莘的<三朝北盟会编>是研究宋史的基本史料之一,尤其是作为宋金关系史的文献集成,历来受到史家的高度重视.<四库全书总目>称"其博赡淹通,南宋诸野史中,自李心传<系年要录>之外,未有能过之者",这个评价可谓恰如其分.但令人遗憾的是,自此书问世八百年来,还始终没有一个比较理想的善本.     

The first discovery of Neolithic rice remains in eastern Taiwan: phytolith evidence from the Chaolaiqiao site

Located in the key junction between mainland China and Island Southeast Asia, Taiwan is of great significance for our understanding of the southeastward dispersal of rice agriculture in the prehistoric period. Until now, quite limited archaeobotanical work has been done in this region. In eastern Taiwan, no archaeological evidence of rice agriculture has been obtained, probably owing to the poor preservation conditions for plant macroremains. Here, we report a new discovery of 4200-year-old domesticated rice remains at the Chaolaiqiao site, which for the first time in detail demonstrates the ancient practice of rice agriculture in this area. Based on a combination of factors that include a rice-based plant subsistence strategy, the mid-Holocene limits to available farmland and the fast-growing Taiwan Neolithic population from settlement pattern data, we infer that this contradiction in eastern Taiwan between land-dependent agriculture and limited suitable farmland encouraged a population movement out of Taiwan during the Middle Neolithic period.     

重构、建构与解构之间——从文学形式论史学类型与史学性质

凯斯·詹金斯和艾伦·穆斯洛将当代西方史学界对于历史学性质问题的立场划分为重构主义、建构主义、解构主义三种分野。重构主义强调历史知识与过去实在相符合的客观性与真理性,相信史家具有以历史叙事的方式重建过去的技能;建构主义主张历史在根本层面上依旧是对过去的摹写,但在经验事实之外需要借助其他学科的理论和方法,以期实现对总体历史的建构;解构主义则指出了过去与历史之间、真实与叙述之间、实在与语言之间联结的脆弱性,主张以解构历史编纂学的方式透析过去如何被编制为各种历史。这种史学类型的划分本身即蕴涵了后现代主义的基本理论立场与实际指涉,从中可以更加清晰地辨识其对历史学性质问题挑战的核心范围与思想取向。     

论英国在新中国联合国席位问题上的政策(1949～1951年)

英国宣布承认新中国之后,以帮助新中国进入联合国作为推动两国外交关系的突破口,并试图影响美国的态度。执政党的民主社会主义理念、对于中国革命与前途的认知及对美国对华政策的负面印象使英国政府力图奉行独立的对华政策。随着冷战的升级,朝鲜战争的爆发,联合国席位问题复杂化。美国日益强硬的态度及英国在西欧防务问题上对美国的依赖,使英国违心屈服于美国的压力,但在某种程度上英国仍是打破冷战阵营的潜在力量之一。     

Chemical analysis of white porcelains from the Ding Kiln site, Hebei Province, China

The Ding kilns were some of the most famous early kilns of medieval China, producing huge quantities of white and cream-white porcelains of outstanding technical and aesthetic quality. Since 1949 they have been excavated three times, in 1965, in 1987, and in 2009 respectively. In this latest study 69 white porcelain sherds from assured contexts and from the 2009 excavations were analyzed using laser ablation techniques (ICP-AES). The samples date from Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Jin Dynasties respectively (early 10^th to early 13^th C CE). The results show that Ding wares of different times show different characteristics that can be demonstrated through chemical composition. During the early phase of production the Ding ware bodies consisted largely of high firing kaolinitic clays with predominantly calcareous materials as fluxes. After the early Northern Song Dynasty, some calcareous material was replaced by a more potassic material. The compositions of the glazes show a parallel evolution to the bodies. However, because the glazes are very low in titania it seems unlikely that the main clay ingredients of the bodies could have been used in the glaze recipes. For much of the kiln site’s history the glazes appear to have been made mainly from the same siliceous flux-rich materials that had been blended with the main body-clays used to make the Ding ware porcelains, plus some extra calcareous material. The P₂O₅ contents of the glazes suggest that wood ash may have been one source of CaO in the glaze recipes.     

明代延绥镇长城的修筑及其地理意义

本文对明代延绥镇长城的"二边"和"大边"的修筑时间、地点、修筑者等问题进行了系统研究,指出"二边"长城为余子俊督修,时间为成化九年(1473年)三、四月至次年的三、四月之间;"大边"长城则为文贵主持修建,时间在弘治十七年(1504年)九月至正德二年(1507年)四月之间。"二边"长度为2013里(明里)195步,约合1183.4公里;"大边"长度为1087里(明里),约合639.2公里。延绥镇长城的修筑过程与明代西北边防方略的发展过程密切关联,也间接反映了边地卫所土地屯垦的变化,对研究历史时期陕北长城沿线环境变迁具有重要意义。     

略论书法艺术的创作灵感——以草书为例

灵感是书法艺术的审关意象思维,有偶然性、进发性、活跃性、创造力。灵感是以实践为基础的对客观存在的能动反映,是特殊思维现象。草书是创作灵感的最佳载体。空灵感、虚静美是中国古典美学理论。“醉书现象”、“无意与佳乃佳”现象乃是灵感在书法艺术上的特殊表现。康德．黑格尔对灵感的论述。我国儒、释、道及《文心雕龙》等著作对灵感现象的精辟论述。灵感和想象力是艺术创作的两只翅膀。