泸县南宋墓葬人物石刻结饰研究

从四川南部泸县南宋石室墓中发掘清理出的人物浮雕石刻上能找到大量结饰造型。其中仕女石刻与武士石刻上的结雕刻最为精细,最具特色。这些结饰在造型上、数量上、位置上的不同安排,塑造出石刻人物的不同风貌,真实而生动地展现了结饰在南宋时期的特独风貌,更为南宋时期中国结饰形态的研究提供了翔实的资料。     

古籍文章节选应该注意的几个问题

古籍文章节选表达了编选者对文义的理解,也在一定程度上表明了作者选文的目的.王力主编<古代汉语>校订重排本的文选中,有些节录依旧需要商榷:因误解古书而删节,不顾文理而删节,有意模糊主旨而删节.这些问题在各类文选中带有普遍性,需要引起重视.     

“Soldiers with stiff bodies”: rumors,stereotypes and the Chinese image of the British army during the First Opium War (1839-1842)

ABSTRACT

A curious aspect of the First Opium War was the circulation among Chinese officials of two claims made about British soldiers, instigated by Commissioner Lin Zexu: their uniforms were so tight that if they were to stumble they would not be able to get up again; and, the men were “like fish,” thus able to function well at sea, but not to fight on land because they had become so used to the pitching and rolling of their ships. This article examines the extent to which these notions took on the quality of wartime rumors, and how they spread beyond generals and officials and into the general population. It considers the way in which the rumors functioned in different ways and at different levels of society, taking on different constructions of meaning in multiple social and political domains.     

清代画珐琅金红彩的区分与研究

画珐琅是一种在清代自外国传入的工艺,研究画珐琅彩料的发展对于了解画珐琅工艺的发展以及后期受其影响的粉彩工艺的技术革新有着重要的意义。画珐琅彩料中金红是最初由西方传入的彩料,这种以金子为原材料制作出的艳丽粉色在中国釉上彩的发展过程中具有独特意义。但由于常规无损分析手段难以对金红彩的成分和工艺进行有效的分析,因此对于金红的研究主要集中于文献分析。针对故宫博物院藏宫廷画珐琅文物,利用配备低真空模块的电子显微镜,直接观测金红釉彩中呈色的金纳米粒子的形貌和分布,配合电子显微镜中能谱分析,验证了之前文献研究考证中的国外“卡修斯紫”配方的金红以及本土配方“掺铜金红”的存在:典型卡修斯紫配方金红彩的基底釉为铅-钾-钠玻璃,金含量4.4%,且含有11.7%的锡元素；本土掺铜金红的基底釉为铅-钾玻璃,金含量12.5%,铜含量0.2%。同时发现了一种中国本土画珐琅普遍使用但此前未被注意到的金红配方,该配方为铅-钾釉,采用砷元素作为还原剂制备金红,与采用锡元素的卡修斯紫配方的金红不同,砷含量0.2%,金含量3.9%~8.4%。     

Early Ordovician conodonts from Zhejiang Province,southeast China and their biostratigraphic and palaeobiogeographic implications

Forty-two conodont species are documented from the Liuxia, Shijiatou and Jingshan formations in Zhejiang Province of southeast China, located palaeogeographically on the Jiangnan Slope offshore to the Yangtze Platform. From these faunas, eight successive conodont biozones of Tremadocian to middle Floian (Early Ordovician) age are recognized, including the Cordylodus lindstromi Biozone, Cordylodus angulatus Biozone, Chosonodina herfurthi Biozone, Paltodus deltifer Biozone, Paroistodus proteus Biozone, Triangulodus bifidus Biozone, Serratognathus diversus Biozone and Prioniodus elegans Biozone. Several zonal index species of the Baltoscandian succession—Paltodus deltifer, Paroistodus proteus and Prioniodus elegans—are described and illustrated in detail for the first time from South China. Co-occurrence of P. proteus and Serratognathus bilobatus in several samples below the appearance of P. elegans also confirms correlation of the S. diversus Biozone (basal Floian) with the upper P. proteus Zone of the Baltoscandian succession. These Zhejiang faunas are dominated by pandemic forms, and are similar to those of the Open-Sea Realm elsewhere, inhabiting deep, offshore environments.     

3D打印技术在龙门石窟金刚经洞修复中的应用

为了缓解龙门石窟金刚经洞因局部坍塌引起的水害、微生物等病害发育问题,利用3D打印技术对坍塌部位进行修复:修复部件以光敏树脂为打印材料,修复部件为空心结构以减轻荷载；对修复部件进行光场、温度场仿真设计,使洞窟内日光辐射强度降低至日光直射的50%~56%,窟内温度分布差值由6.6℃降低到1.9℃；修复部件采用S8801涂覆内外表面,S8801老化实验后主要性能保持率均大于90%,并采用玄武岩纤维与玻璃纤维增强修复部件内表面。经多次降雨后观察,龙门石窟金刚经洞由缺失导致的雨水倒勾等问题得到有效缓解。该工作为3D打印技术与不可移动石质文物修复工作结合奠定基础。     

“滇南旧无雁”:清代以降豆雁在云南迁徙路线的变化

作为森林、湿地等生态系统中十分重要的一环,鸟类因对气候、环境等因素的变化较为敏感,常被看作气候变化对生态系统影响的"先锋指示物种"。17世纪后半叶,全国范围普遍出现低温期,东中部地区雨雪冰冻灾害较为严重。但在云南地区,17世纪的冷期并不明显。作为湿地水鸟的一种,南下越冬的豆雁改变了原有的迁徙路线,自顺治十七年(1660年)冬之后,开始出现在云南各地。气候环境的变化使原本在亚洲东中部地区的河湖湿地越冬的豆雁,不得不延长自己的迁徙路线和时间,突破了原先的分布范围,到更加适宜生存的云南以及缅甸、印度等东南亚地区越冬。