塔里木盆地尼雅古绿洲沙漠化考

文章对尼雅古绿洲沙漠化的时代和原因进行了分析,认为:尼雅遗址出土多为魏晋之物,废弃的年代应在公元336—382午间,亦即东晋十六国时期。在气候变干、尼雅河水流量减少、冬季处于西北与东北两组风所携带流沙夹击的自然因素背景下,人们不顾及自然资源的承载能力而过度开垦、过度放牧,破坏了固沙植被,以及大规模战乱的破坏,导致了古绿洲的毁灭。     

后金天聪汗蒙古文信牌

本文通过比较后金天聪汗信牌实物文本、档案及《清实录》记载,对清入关前起用信牌的具体时间、背景及信牌内容做了简单地考释,以补实物、档案记载之不足,并试图纠正《清实录》中有关牌文内容的错误记载。同时阐明清朝实施于其所辖蒙古地区的区域法《蒙古律书》(《蒙古律例》)中的某些条文吸收了该信牌文的内容,使之进一步地法制化了。     

中国共产党历代领导集体执政实践中的文化自觉论

中国共产党执政以来,在社会主义文化建设方面,从第一代领导集体的艰辛探索到第二代领导集体的继承发展,继之第三代领导集体的与时俱进,再到第四代领导集体的文化自觉,历代中央领导集体不断发展和完善中国社会主义文化理论,对文化建设予以高度关注和重视,充分表明了中国共产党作为执政党的高度文化自觉。     

高光谱成像技术在中国古代书画分析中的应用研究综述

中国古代书画，因其年代久远，递藏情况复杂，多数屡经裁切割补、修复重装，故而有很多历史信息或被叠摞或被遮蔽，导致今人不能以肉眼直接观察而获得，而纸绢接补，墨迹、颜料、印鉴的残损也为书画研究者带来诸多悬而未决的问题。近年来，高光谱技术作为一种非侵入式的光谱成像技术，已逐步应用于各类彩绘文物中，该技术可为中国古代书画研究和保护提供更丰富的信息。本工作以文献调研为基础，简要介绍了高光谱成像的原理及技术特点，对高光谱技术在中国古代书画研究的实践进行总结，梳理了国内外研究者利用高光谱技术在书画、档案及相关彩绘文物的增强显示、物质识别、虚拟修复方面的应用案例，以期为相关研究者提供参考借鉴。     

“明线刻司马迁骨质牌饰”考辨

馆藏牌饰,原名有误,应为明线刻司马迁骨质牌饰。本文从用材、画像、书刻、圈椅等方面进行考证,均具有明代特征。正面线刻人物与背面刻书互为印证,反映同一主题,即"史圣"司马迁。刻书内容广博,用《龙门史》喻《史记》,并与汉代诸家相较,无以比肩。牌饰正面所表现的圈椅,在已发表的家具资料中不见,为研究明式家具提供了新资料。牌饰材质的探讨也为区别牙质与骨质提供了范例。     

Elemental Characterization by EDXRF of Imperial Longquan Celadon Porcelain Excavated from Fengdongyan Kiln,Dayao County

A mass of Longquan porcelain shards carved with ‘Guan’ or the dragon patterns were unearthed in the early Ming Dynasty layer of the Fengdongyan kiln site at Dayao County. These celadon shards were fired in the Hongwu and Yongle eras of the Ming Dynasty. In order to research the raw materials and firing technology of the imperial porcelain, 85 typical shards were analysed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The results indicate that the contents of TiO₂ and Fe₂O₃ in the body vary in the Hongwu and Yongle eras. Compared with Longquan glazes in the Southern Song Dynasty, the average values of K₂O, Fe₂O₃ and TiO₂ are higher, but that of CaO is lower in early Ming imperial porcelain glazes. Principal components analysis (PCA) shows that different degrees of elutriation of the same raw materials are the main reason for this difference in the Hongwu and Yongle periods. However, the raw materials of imperial porcelain glazes show no obvious changes and have inherited the earlier tradition. The production and firing technology of imperial porcelain reached a higher level and had not declined in the Early Ming Dynasty.     

Tracing the origin of Chinese early white porcelain in the late sixth century—evidence from Xing kiln

As the criterion used by archaeologists for determining early white porcelain is quite ambiguous, the origin of Chinese white porcelain remains a point of disagreement. In this study, we systematically investigate 61 typical Xing porcelains of the late Northern dynasties to the early Sui dynasty (550–600 CE) using spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and analyze the differences between early white porcelain and celadon of Xing kiln in terms of their whiteness and raw materials characteristic. The results show that early white porcelain is a new type of ware that differs from celadon, which can be distinguished by whiteness, with a whiteness greater than 8% being early white porcelain and a whiteness less than 8% being celadon. It is assumed that the ancient potters created the whiter wares based on celadon by improving the glaze and selecting new raw materials for the body, but the production of this type of ware was short lived and subsequently refined in the Sui dynasty (581–618 CE) owing to the limited improvement in whiteness.     

What do we know about the punctuated equilibrium theory in China? A systematic review and research priorities

The punctuated equilibrium theory (PET) shows that government policy is mostly stable with occasional drastic change, which scholars attribute to institutional friction and limited information processing capacity. Although the existing PET literature predominantly focuses on democracies, scholars have started to apply the theory to authoritarian countries. Autocracies are a fertile testing ground for the theory's underlying mechanisms because they appear to experience less institutional friction but more informational restrictions than democracies. However, PET studies on autocracies are still rare. To deepen our understanding of the PET and the policy process beyond democracies, we conduct a systematic review of 88 Chinese language PET journal articles. We show that Chinese language PET research is increasing. Contrary to the English language PET literature, most Chinese studies are qualitative, while a key similarity is the weak operationalization of PET core concepts. The reviewed studies confirm a punctuated equilibrium pattern of policymaking in China but provide only limited evidence for more intense punctuations compared with democracies. Future PET research on China ought to use long-term data sets and examine institutional friction and information processing by policymakers. We also argue for more international exchange and comparative research to advance our understanding of the policy process in China and other autocracies.     

咸阳市东郊出土东汉镇墓瓶

本文介绍了咸阳市渭城区东乡新发现的3件东汉时期的镇墓瓶,并对镇墓瓶上的朱书文字"天李子解尸注"和"大一六丁解虚星"含义进行了考证和研究,为了解汉代的道教信仰与丧葬习俗提供了资料。