元刘天与墓志及相关问题探析

元《刘天与墓志》2009年采集于西安市长安区韦曲街办夏殿村之西,志主系蒙元时期著名的汉人世侯刘黑马家族后裔。该墓志内容丰富,尤其是涉及刘天与的仕宦经历及家族婚姻等内容为进一步研究"天成刘氏"家族史提供了新资料。     

破土器、庖厨刀或铡草刀——长江下游新石器时代及早期青铜时代石器分析之二

三角形石刀是长江下游地区良渚文化和青铜时代早期文化的一种特殊形状的石器,其功能众说不一,不少考古学家认为它是作为农业工具使用的"破土器"。通过对浙江湖州毘山遗址出土的两件商代三角形石刀进行微痕分析,并与采用复制石器进行实验考古后所得到的微痕进行比较,可知,毘山三角形石刀不是"破土器",而可能是用来切断植物茎叶的铡刀。     

“新历史学家”对以色列传统史学的挑战

20世纪八九十年代,一批受西方影响的以色列历史学家通过对大量解密文献的研判与调查,率先对犹太复国主义提出种种质疑,从而引发了以色列社会对主流意识形态的反思,形成了一种新的社会文化思潮——"后犹太复国主义",这些历史学家被称为"新历史学家"。他们的观点主要集中在对以色列国家合法性与官方历史阐释的修正、对犹太复国主义的重新解读、对以色列国家属性及其未来走向的质疑等方面,从而对以色列传统史学提出了挑战。"新历史学家"拓宽了历史研究的视域,推进了学术自由,有益于促进国家的世俗化与民主化进程,但他们的批判性大于建设性,有些主张过于激进且不切实际,并且在某种程度上加剧了以色列社会的动荡性。     

丝路开通之初帕提亚帝国境内的东西交通路线

丝绸之路的具体路径是学界在中外交流领域长期关注的焦点.张骞凿空之时,正是帕提亚帝国疆域大扩张时期,从两河流域到中亚的道路基本在其控制之下.从西到东,帕提亚帝国的领土可分为三大区域:亚述一巴比伦尼亚地区、伊朗高原上的波斯腹地以及赫卡尼亚以东的不稳定控制地域.自亚历山大东征至四大帝国并立时的1-2世纪,帕提亚帝国境内的东西...     

唯物史观与民国时期傅衣凌的中国社会经济史研究北大核心CSSCI

在社会史论战影响下,傅衣凌确立了研究中国社会经济史的基本问题意识。此后十余年,唯物史观揭示的人类社会发展演变的普遍规律,始终是傅衣凌分析中国社会历史的重要工具,但他不再像社会史论战者那样“为公式牺牲材料”,而是开始尝试处理规律的普遍性与中国历史特殊性之间的关系;同时,他也不再“把方法当结论”,用理论方法来代替历史研究,而是将宏大的理论问题具体化,通过具体、细化的实证研究,来验证理论的真确与否。傅衣凌的这些特点,反映了民国时期中国社会经济史研究的整体性转变。     

王国维抄校《录鬼簿》考

1908至1910年,王国维曾先后抄录、批校过三种版本的《录鬼簿》,所涉底本有明抄本、清尤贞起钞本和清《楝亭十二种》刻本。而自上世纪四十年代以后,由于前两种抄本在大陆已不可获见,故关于王国维抄校《录鬼簿》及《录鬼簿》版本相关的研究均未能细论其详。本文结合前人对王国维校勘《楝亭十二种》本《录鬼簿》的研究成果,另将台湾傅斯年图书馆所藏的明抄本、尤抄本及国家图书馆藏影抄尤本、日本东洋文库藏王国维据明抄本所作的过录本四种纳入综合考察,在对王国维抄校《录鬼簿》的始末进行细致梳理过程中,发现王氏起初措意于抄校的目的乃是为其正在编纂的戏曲著作《曲录》作参考。但王氏在得到影抄尤本后虽收齐了三种版本《录鬼簿》,却最终放弃当初的刊刻打算,乃是因为刘世珩主持的《暖红室汇刻传奇》计划中早已纳入《录鬼簿》。藉此不仅可明晰王国维早年戏曲研究脉路,而且对《录鬼簿》的版本研究亦可提供新的参考。     

康熙《皇舆全览图》和《乾隆十三排图》中广东地区图面内容的比较研究——兼与广西地区对比

康熙《皇舆全览图》系清初官方主导实测的经纬度地图,对清代直至民国初期地图的绘制产生深远影响。对其数字化可为自然、人文要素变迁研究提供这一时间断面具有相对准确位置的地理数据,这对自然要素的变迁研究尤为重要。以图中广东地区为例,采用不同的地图配准方法,结合历史文献,分析《乾隆十三排图》对康熙《皇舆全览图》的继承与发展,并与之前有关广西的数字化研究作比较。研究发现《乾隆十三排图》以康熙《皇舆全览图》为基础,使用相同的坐标系,但是两个地区坐标系的偏移程度不同,主要与地理配准方式有关;图面内容的承继也有差异,这与清初对两个地区开发程度有关。     

Fluid mixing induced by hydrothermal activity in the ordovician carbonates in Tarim Basin,China

Permian hydrothermal activity in the Tarim Basin may have been responsible for the invasion of hot brines into Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. Studies have been undertaken to explain the origin and geochemical characteristics of the diagenetic fluid present during this hydrothermal event although there is no consensus on it. We present a genetic model resulting from the study of δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope values and fluid inclusions (FIs) from fracture‐ and vug‐filling calcite, saddle dolomite, fluorite, barite, quartz, and anhydrite from Ordovician outcrops in northwest (NW) Tarim Basin and subsurface cores in Central Tarim Basin. The presence of hydrothermal fluid was confirmed by minerals with fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures being >10°C higher than the paleo‐formation burial temperatures both in the NW Tarim and in the Central Tarim areas. The mixing of hot (>200°C), high‐salinity (>24 wt% NaCl), ⁸⁷Sr‐rich (up to 0.7104) hydrothermal fluid with cool (60–100°C), low‐salinity (0 to 3.5 wt% NaCl), also ⁸⁷Sr‐rich (up to 0.7010) meteoric water in the Ordovician unit was supported by the salinity of fluid inclusions, and δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopic values of the diagenetic minerals. Up‐migrated hydrothermal fluids from the deeper Cambrian strata may have contributed to the hot brine with high sulfate concentrations which promoted thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) in the Ordovician, resulting in the formation of ¹²C‐rich (δ¹³C as low as ?13.8‰) calcite and ³⁴S‐rich (δ³⁴S values from 21.4‰ to 29.7‰) H₂S, pyrite, and elemental sulfur. Hydrothermal fluid mixing with fresh water in Ordovician strata in Tarim Basin was facilitated by deep‐seated faults and up‐reaching faults due to the pervasive Permian magmatic activity. Collectively, fluid mixing, hydrothermal dolomitization, TSR, and faulting may have locally dissolved the host carbonates and increased the reservoir porosity and permeability, which has significant implications for hydrocarbon exploration.     

Experimental investigation of carbon dioxide trapping due to capillary retention in saline aquifers

Capillary trapping is a physical mechanism by which carbon dioxide (CO₂) is naturally immobilized in the pore spaces of aquifer rocks during geologic carbon sequestration operations, and thus a key aspect of estimating geologic storage potential. Here, we studied capillary trapping of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂), and the effect of initial scCO₂ saturation and flow rate on the storage/trapping potential of Berea sandstone. We performed two‐phase, scCO₂‐brine displacements in two samples, each subject to four sequential drainage–imbibition core‐flooding cycles to quantify end‐point saturations of scCO₂ with the aid of micro‐ and macro‐computed tomography imaging. From these experiments, we found that between 51% and 75% of the initial CO₂ injected can be left behind after the brine injection. We also observed that the initial scCO₂ saturation influenced the residual scCO₂ saturation to a greater extent than the rate of brine injection under the experimental conditions examined. In spite of differences in the experimental conditions tested, as well as those reported in the literature, initial and residual saturations were found to follow a consistent relationship.     

Stable Isotope Analysis of Human and Animal Remains at the Qijiaping Site in Middle Gansu,China

Intercontinental exchanges between communities living in different parts of Eurasia during the late prehistoric period have become increasingly popular as a topic of archaeological research. The Qijia culture, found in northwest China, is one of the key archaeological cultures that can shed light on trans‐Eurasian exchange because a variety of imports are found in this cultural context. These imports include new cereals and animals, which suggest that human diets may also have changed compared with previous periods. To understand human and animal diets of the Qijia culture, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios from human and animal skeletal remains were analysed from the type site of the Qijia culture at Qijiaping. The results demonstrate that human diet at the site mainly consisted of millet and animals fed on millet. C₃ cereals, such as wheat and barley, did not contribute significantly to human diet, and no isotopic differences were found between adult and subadult diets. Furthermore, three outlying human results raise the possibility of exogenous individuals, perhaps in relation to the parallel movement of animals, crops and goods. This study provides human and animal dietary information for evaluating the nature of exchange and diffusion in eastern Eurasia at this time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.