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121.
This paper explores the integration of chemical data with metric studies and spatial analyses of archaeological artifacts to investigate questions of specialization, standardization, and production organization behind large-scale technological enterprises. The main analytical focus is placed on the 40,000 bronze arrowheads recovered with the Terracotta Army in the First Emperor’s Mausoleum, Xi’an, China. Based on the identification by portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of chemical clusters that correspond to individual metal batches, and combined with a study of their context in the tomb complex, we argue that the manufacture of arrows was organized via a cellular production model with various multi-skilled units rather than as a single production line. This system favored more adaptable and efficient logistical organization that facilitated dynamic cross-craft interaction while maintaining remarkable degrees of standardization. We discuss the use of “the batch” as an analytical category and how our method might be applied to other studies of craft organization in complex societies and imperial systems.  相似文献   
122.
    
Geographical distance constitutes friction in searching for research collaborators. Taking advantage of a quasinatural experiment featured by High-Speed Railway (HSR) lines in China, this paper employs the difference-in-differences model to identify the causal impact of a substantial improvement in the intercity transportation infrastructure on collaborative innovation across cities. The data pertain to a universe of patent applications filed by Chinese universities and their citations. We find that HSR contributes to a substantial increase in the innovation quantity and quality of collaborative patenting innovation between universities and corporates. It contributes to industry collaboration by utilizing university academic disciplines in the related technology fields. Lastly, HSR facilitates universities to search for new research partners with better quality beyond the geographical boundary.  相似文献   
123.
中国古代书画,因其年代久远,递藏情况复杂,多数屡经裁切割补、修复重装,故而有很多历史信息或被叠摞或被遮蔽,导致今人不能以肉眼直接观察而获得,而纸绢接补,墨迹、颜料、印鉴的残损也为书画研究者带来诸多悬而未决的问题。近年来,高光谱技术作为一种非侵入式的光谱成像技术,已逐步应用于各类彩绘文物中,该技术可为中国古代书画研究和保护提供更丰富的信息。本工作以文献调研为基础,简要介绍了高光谱成像的原理及技术特点,对高光谱技术在中国古代书画研究的实践进行总结,梳理了国内外研究者利用高光谱技术在书画、档案及相关彩绘文物的增强显示、物质识别、虚拟修复方面的应用案例,以期为相关研究者提供参考借鉴。  相似文献   
124.
李智君 《清史研究》2006,(4):94-103
社会经济环境与中国传统庶民的时间生活之间是什么关系,因缺乏有效的研究手段而进展不大。本文以清代至民国时期河陇节庆习俗的地域结构为例,细致地梳理了二者之间的关系。作者认为,传统中国庶民的时间生活,因农耕渔猎作息而逐渐形成日常规律与习惯,所以与社会经济环境密切相关,并因社会经济环境的差异而产生不同的时间生活方式。这一点与宗教发达地区以宗教节日为庶民的时间生活有着巨大的差异,无论从节庆习俗传播地域适应性、还是传播的人群适应性,前者都无法与后者相比。  相似文献   
125.
樊波  阮立 《东南文化》2004,(6):72-76
唐代人物画理论中有一个重要的思想倾向,这就是贯穿于其中的强烈的历史意识。这种历史意识主要是通过对绘画起源的考察,从而将绘画发展视为一个连续而完整的过程。  相似文献   
126.
最近10年来,随着解决三农问题成为中国共产党和政府工作的重中之重,追溯和研究三农历史的论著也层出不穷,最近读了当代中国研究所王瑞芳研究员以考察新中国成立初期土地改革运动为中心写成的《土地制度变动与中国乡村社会变革》(社会科学文献出版社2010年版),感到作者运用历史唯物主义的基本原理和方法,通过透视生产关系的变革来研  相似文献   
127.
敦煌文书唐代《西州图经》曾经这样描述唐西州时期高昌的丁谷窟:“丁谷窟有寺一所,并有禅院一所。右在柳中界至北山二十五里丁谷中,西去州二十里。  相似文献   
128.
    
In the last fifty years Chinese spatial inequalities have expanded in phases of industrial expansion and contracted in phases favourable to agriculture. Since 1985 real per capita disposable income and real per capita expenditure have increased rapidly in all parts of China. The increases were however much greater (i) in areas on the east coast than in the centre, northeast and west creating widening macro-territorial inequalities, (ii) in some provinces rather than others increasing inter-provincial inequalities and (iii) in urban areas rather than rural areas. These imbalances have seen the adoption of a succession of policies designed initially to promote a more equilibrated model of co-ordinated national development and more recently a more sustainable and more equitable development path consistent with the more recent emphasis on the goal of harmonious development. This paper examines the evolution and impact of these trends in inequality and policy initiatives paying attention to a variety of geographical scales.  相似文献   
129.
    
Based on Morison hydrodynamic force theory, a simplified calculation method for hydrodynamic force to slender structures is proposed. A typical cylindrical deep water pile was chosen for study and the simplified method was used to analyze the influence of hydrodynamic pressure on the pile. Then the finite element method was used to study the dynamic characteristics of the model, and the results from both methods were compared. A comparison was also made between the shaking table test on the south tower of the Nanjing Yangtze 3rd River Bridge and the results from the simplified method.  相似文献   
130.
    
For the requirement of pounding analysis of highway bridges, how to properly choose the impact stiffness has become a primary issue for an achieving accurate result. This article presents an evaluation test of the impact stiffness of four types of contact-element models based on the shaking table test results of a steel highway bridge model. The analytical results indicate that the theoretical impact parameters are significantly larger than the identified values because the assumptions for deriving those models cannot match the actual impact conditions. The possible reasons causing those differences are discussed at the end of this study.  相似文献   
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