Study on the source of raw material and firing technique of glazed tiles bodies in the Ming Imperial palace site,Nanjing, China

This article considered glazed tiles excavated from the Ming Imperial Palace site in Nanjing as the research object. Glazed tiles were selected and analyzed via vacuum porosimeter, thermal dilation (TD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) to determine their physical property, firing temperature, phase composition, and chemical composition, respectively. Results show that the firing temperature of body belongs to the temperature range (of 950–1,100°C), whereas the water absorption and apparent porosity are large. The phase composition of glazed tile bodies is the same (predominantly quartz and mullite). However, some samples contain trace amounts of rutile, hematite, sodalite, and orthoclase. The firing temperature combined with the phase composition indicates that the raw material and firing process of glazed tile body samples have similarities, which embody of the strict and unified management system of the official kiln. The raw materials of glazed tile body in the Ming Imperial Palace site may come from Dangtu glazed kiln, whereas the rest of the samples remains to be explored. This study provides a scientific basis for understanding the evolution of glazed tile-making technology in ancient China, and is important for the protection and repair of glazed buildings in the Ming Dynasty.     

Characterization of archaeological lime mortars in a Ming dynasty tomb: A multi-analytical approach

Lime mortars have played an important role in constructing ancient Chinese masonry structures, including city walls, buildings, and tombs. A tomb built with lime mortars and stones belonging a Ming high-ranking official, Xu Jie, was discovered in Huzhou City of China. Eight different samples from Xu Jie’s tomb, representing four types of lime-mortar-based materials: joint mortar between stone bricks, bedding mortar, grouting mortar, and plaster mortars were collected for analysis and comparison. The characterization of the construction materials has therefore become of primary importance. The function of each mortar was reported and studies into the micro-textural features and mineralogical compositions of those mortars were performed via a multi-analytical approach. The joint mortars were all found to be aerial lime mortars with predominately lime. The bedding mortar was found to consist of lime, soil and sand, typical of a tabia mortar. The grouting mortar was found to consist of lime and ground contact metamorphosed limestone. Analysis of plaster sample taken from the roof of the main tomb identified the presence of calcium stearate/palmitate, indicating the usage of plant-based tung oil as an additive. The analytical results will promote our understanding of Ming architectural technology and craftsmanship, and provide critical information for the conservation of Xu Jie’s tomb.     

Preparation of a new calcite layer from calcium glycolate for the conservation of sulfated limestone artifacts

A novel preparation method of calcite layer was explored for the conservation purpose of the surface sulfation limestone artifacts. In this method, the alcoholic solution of calcium glycolate was used as a precursor of calcite layer. After application on the surface of gypsum crust on limestone by spraying, calcium glycolate can combine with the carbon dioxide spontaneously and form a compact calcite layer. The obtained calcite layer can act as a shelter and can prevent the gypsum crust from the dissolution damage of the natural precipitation. The protective properties of the calcite layer were investigated by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), water erosion resistance, water absorption, colour difference, surface strength, and hardness test. The results revealed that the water erosion resistance, surface strength, and hardness of the treated sample were increased remarkably. Meanwhile, the intrinsic physical properties such as porosity, capillary absorption, and appearance were not affected obviously, indicating a good compatibility of the proposed protection method.     

试论黄石西塞山宋代钱窖的性质

本文通过对吕文德及其家族史的考辨,并通过对宋朝经济及钱币流通制度的分析,认为黄石西塞山历次出土窖藏钱币的性质,是南宋朝廷在军事紧急情况下窖藏的库钱。     

南京伪维新政府及其大民会

“七七”事变后,日军扩大侵华战争的同时,在内蒙、华北、华中地区扶植傀儡,建立伪政权,用“以华制华”的手段,形成以日军为后盾的新谓“国中国”。本文拟通过对南京伪政权“中华民国维新政府”及其政治团体“大民会”活动情况的阐述,以揭露日军侵华期间,一面建立伪政权,加紧对中国进行政治、军事、经济和文化侵略;一面收买汉奸汪精卫,拉拢、诱降蒋介石,妄国蚕食中国的罪恶实质。     

封闭式博物馆室内展厅秋季颗粒物数浓度变化特征

大气中的颗粒物已经成为影响文物保存环境质量的重要因素之一,监测文物保存环境中颗粒物浓度、减少其对文物所造成的损害影响已成为一个重要的研究课题。目前国内在此方面的研究尚较缺乏。因此,本研究采用气体悬浮物粒子监测仪对某封闭式博物馆不同展厅空气中不同粒径颗粒物的数浓度进行了连续监测,并与游客流量及装饰材料的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,96%以上颗粒物为PM_1.0（等效体积粒径小于1.0μm）,80%为PM_0.3（等效体积粒径小于0.3μm）。游客扰动对颗粒物数浓度的影响与粒径大小有关,PM_1.0数浓度没有明显的日变化,但1.0μm以上粗颗粒在开馆时段和夜间清扫时段出现明显的波动;节假日浓度明显高于工作日。上述研究表明,馆藏文物保存环境大气中的颗粒物污染监控应以细颗粒为主。     

《水经·洛水注》校笺及水道与政区复原(下)

《水经注》是我国古代以水道为纲记载地理信息的著名典籍,对于研究早期水道情况和政区变迁有着极为重要的意义。以往对《水经注》的研究主要集中于版本流传与郦学史方面,对郦注本文尚乏深入而细致的地理学方面的探究。因此,在文本校勘与史源探求工作的基础之上,选取《水经注》卷十五《洛水篇》作为研究对象,并利用相关文献和考古资料对郦注所记载的洛水相关水道与城邑进行全面的考释与系统的复原,不失为在《水经注》本体研究方面所进行的一次有益尝试。此外,以古今对照的形式编制出的《<水经·洛水注>河流名称古今对照表》与《<水经·洛水注>图》,不仅可以直观而形象地展现研究的结论,同时也可为相关研究者研读《水经注》提供便利。本文分上下篇,上篇已先行刊布,下编研究的范围自洛水东出散关至最终与河水交汇部分。     

金陵八家与金陵画派的画风比较

分析画派这一概念的内涵,从时代、题材、师从、技法等对金陵八家和金陵画派的画风作一比较。认为明末一些金陵画家称其“金陵八家”更为妥当。     

敦煌写本《归义军僧官书仪》拼接缀合及相关问题研究

敦煌文献P．5015可与P．3715、P．2729拼接缀合,拼合后的文书内容更加完整。文书所提及的唐政府所给与归义军的各种赏赐,当是为了赏其收复凉州之功,归义军收复凉州并非一蹴而就,而是一个渐进的过程。归义军收复凉州后,唐政府曾以派遣防秋兵马为名,遣郓州兵驻守凉州,敦煌文献中保存了不少与郓州兵有关的记载。     

麦积山藏"报恩科仪"儒释孝子事迹考及相关问题

“报恩科仪”是佛教报恩道场仪之一,融合儒、释孝道思想于一体,集佛教经典、儒学伦理孝道观而成,基于中国传统孝道思想,而宣扬佛教“大孝”思想,进而以做道场的方式宣传佛教,是中国佛教世俗化的产物。麦积山所藏的明代写本《报恩科仪》为目前所见最早的,对于研究佛教报恩思想的演变、南北佛教的交流以及麦积山周围佛教道场的情况具有非常重要的价值。“科仪”中所提到的儒释孝子共70多个,选自不同的古代文献和佛教典籍。