Dual roles of semi‐civil society in Chinese democratisation

This paper addresses the question of how a civil society impacts on Chinese democratisation, by examining the nature and features of a Chinese semi‐civil society which could be both a potential for greater democratisation, and a conservative force used by the state to maintain a neo‐authoritarian regime. It challenges the common assumption of the mere positive influence of civil society on democracy in a growing literature on civil society. It also discusses the issue of how the state and the reformer faction within the party saw and will possibly see ‘civil society’ as the rule of arts and a new source of legitimacy in the rules of games for strengthening their power. This is probably more likely than the total collapse and disintegration posited by other writers.     

高僧与贵族:六世班禅喇嘛和多仁家族

本文以《多仁班智达传》中有关多仁噶锡家族和六世班禅喇嘛交往的纪录为例,说明藏文史料和传记中除了大量以宗教事务为主的内容之外,还有一些有关个人交往的记录。这类史料数量虽不多,但却生动、翔实,史料价值很高,值得学者关注。作者从介绍《多仁班智达传》的不同版本的流传到成书出版的经过再到叙述多仁家族成员,尤其是多仁丹津班珠尔父子和六世班禅喇嘛家族私交的经历,强调高僧和贵族互动的重要性,从一个不同的侧面展示了18世纪西藏地方政府和清廷接触与互动的详情,进而指出如《多仁班智达传》这一类贵族世家传记,对研究西藏历史尤其是汉藏交往至为重要,可弥补汉文官史和藏文高僧圣传之缺。     

[女受]鼎相关问题试析

新著录[女受]鼎属于西周早中期之际器物。铭文中不仅首见"退事"、"内宫"等用辞,且内容亦为首例女性册命任职记录。铭文内容所涉及的西周贵族家族家内制度、女性受赏任职、性别地位意识等问题,皆引起我们对西周历史认知的再思考。     

鸠摩罗什失传《贤劫经》译本的新发现——比定自日本书道博物馆和中国国家图书馆藏吐鲁番写经

《贤劫经》是鸠摩罗什不见传于世的三部译作之一,该经的传世本为竺法护所译,而鸠摩罗什译本早在6世纪便已亡佚。本文通过藏汉平行文本、语言等内外部证据,从日本书道博物馆和中国国家图书馆收藏的吐鲁番早期写经中比定出两件残片,推定其应该正是早已佚失的鸠摩罗什本《贤劫经》的珍贵遗存。这两件残片也是鸠摩罗什译经研究史上迄今为止仅有的一次佚作重新发现,为研究五世纪佛教史和翻译史提供了重要的资料。     

台湾海峡区域视野下南岛语族起源与扩散的考古学观察

台湾海峡地区在新石器时代生业经济长期依赖渔猎、采集等手段,直至距今5000年左右才在闽江下游流域出现初具形态的农业生产.此区域先后经历了三次较显著的南岛语族跨海峡扩散的活跃期,且各时期扩散路线也有所变迁."人口压力说"或"海洋适应性说"不足以解释南岛语族跨海峡扩散的动因.     

海外华商参与“一带一路”建设问卷调查研究

论文采用问卷调查方法,以董事长和总经理级别的华商作为主要调查对象,总结分析华商参与“一带一路”的态度、动机、需求及困难和风险。调查发现:第一,“一带一路”倡议得到了绝大多数华商的积极支持和热情响应。华商对“一带一路”倡议总体认识到位,但部分华商对“一带一路”性质认知存有偏差。第二,华商参与“一带一路”的主要动机是民族情感需求和经济利益驱动,两者得到满足或平衡时,参与动力最强,积极性最高。第三,华商参与“一带一路”普遍存在渠道不畅、项目对接难、融资难度大、跨境资金流动难、汇率波动大等实际困难。第四,华商在参与“一带一路”中主要面临政治、经济和法律三大风险。建议引导华商参与“一带一路”,要充分考虑华商的特殊性,注重情利等值原则,让华商在参与“一带一路”建设中情利双收,实现共赢。     

冻融作用对古青砖宏观性能及微观结构劣化的影响

砖质文物建筑多数处于室外工作环境,其损伤呈现出冻融循环条件下的物理风化和材料水解条件下的化学风化联合作用破坏形态,致使古青砖文物面临着严重的环境侵蚀风化问题。为此,以古建筑青砖为研究对象,通过对6组试样分别进行0,15,30,45,60和75次冻融循环试验,分析冻融循环次数对古青砖的孔洞率、质量、抗压强度的影响规律。在此基础上,通过TEM(透射电子显微镜)扫描探讨了冻融作用对古青砖微观结构的损伤过程及劣化机理。结果表明:随着冻融循环次数的增加,古青砖的孔洞率、质量损失率以及强度损失率均增大;TEM扫描发现冻融对古青砖造成了明显的微观孔隙结构损伤,特别是75次冻融循环后该损伤明显激增。同时,利用XPS(X射线光电子能谱仪)测试古青砖化学成分的组成,说明青砖体内碳酸盐等可溶性盐类的晶体水解造成青砖的微观孔隙结构损伤,是其遭受化学风化作用的主要原因。     

A Textual Study of the Myth of Manchu Origin

The myth of Manchu origin was narrated in different versions with the same theme and variant details. Based on Manchu documents, the myth of Manchu origin has two early versions that were written in Manchu with minor differences in the narration of the story. From the earliest version of 1635 to the version compiled in the nineteenth century, all the authors highlight that the origin of the Manchu people as coming from a heavenly being, with the purpose of reinforcing the Qing dynasty’s legitimacy as coming from the heaven, as was officially declared by the Qing government throughout the dynasty. This article makes a comparative study based on evidential research on the facts contained in different versions of the myth and the time periods of composition.