Osteological evidence for the draught exploitation of cattle: first applications of a new methodology

Although the aetiology of bone pathologies in cattle is poorly documented, various deformations in the skeleton have been attributed to draught exploitation in the archaeozoological literature. This paper summarizes the results of an osteological study that was undertaken on the feet of modern draught oxen. This led to the definition of a series of draught‐related anomalies. In an attempt to describe the pathologies in a more consistent and quantitative way, a scoring scale for each individual bone pathology was established. The developed method is applied to cattle remains from four Roman and one late medieval site. The distribution of the observed pathological indices (PIs) on the first phalanges is interpreted in terms of the age structure of the cattle populations, and the possible modes of cattle exploitation and meat consumption in various settlement types. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Direct radiocarbon (AMS) dating of split-based points from the (Proto)Aurignacian of Trou de la Mère Clochette,Northeastern France. Implications for the characterization of the Aurignacian and the timing of technical innovations in Europe

Radiocarbon (AMS) dates on two split-based point wings and a hominin molar from the site of Trou de la Mère Clochette in the French Jura are presented in this paper. Dating split-based points has very rarely been undertaken. This is unfortunate given that these artefacts are critical to our definition and characterization of Early Upper Palaeolithic technocomplexes, as they are considered to be the type fossil of the Classic Aurignacian.     

The Embodiment of Social Life: Bodylore and the Kirkwall Ba' Game (Orkney,Scotland)

This paper focuses on the practice of playing folk football on Christmas Day and New Year's Day in Kirkwall, Orkney, and on the idea of “embodiment” in traditional games. The comparison of empirical data from field research with theoretical interpretations illuminates the embodiment processes in the Kirkwall Ba' game, giving evidence of the intricate interaction between three essential dimensions in bodylore: the individual, society, and the environment.     

Specula

Sans résumé éric Brian (mars 2001). Charles Alunni (février 2001). Laurent Nottale (19 février 2001).     

SEM,EPR and ToF-SIMS analyses applied to unravel the technology employed for pottery-making by pre-colonial Indian tribes from Pantanal,Brazil

The present work aims at elucidating the technology applied in the fabrication of ceramic objects by the ancient ceramists that inhabited the western border of Pantanal, Mato-Grosso do Sul, with the help of a multidisciplinary approach making use of chemical and physical methods of analysis. The potshards under study show the presence of different types of additives, as determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The dispersion of the additives within the ceramic matrix was also addressed by SEM, which shed light on the mounting technique used by the potters to assemble the ceramic vessels. Moreover, the tensile strength conferred to the pottery by the use of a specific type of additive was evaluated by applying a mechanical test. These results were correlated with the firing temperature of the potshards, determined by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).     

Generalizing Impact Computations for the Autoregressive Spatial Interaction Model

We extend the impact decomposition proposed by LeSage and Thomas-Agnan (2015) in the spatial interaction model to a more general framework, where the sets of origins and destinations can be different, and where the relevant attributes characterizing the origins do not coincide with those of the destinations. These extensions result in three flow data configurations which we study extensively: the square, the rectangular, and the noncartesian cases. We propose numerical simplifications to compute the impacts, avoiding the inversion of a large filter matrix. These simplifications considerably reduce computation time; they can also be useful for prediction. Furthermore, we define local measures for the intra, origin, destination and network effects. Interestingly, these local measures can be aggregated at different levels of analysis. Finally, we illustrate our methodology in a case study using remittance flows all over the world.