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111.
Nienke Laura van Doorn Hege Hollund Matthew J. Collins 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2011,3(3):281-289
Bone collagen is found throughout most of the archaeological record. Under experimental conditions, collagen is apparently
preserved as an intact molecule, with amino acid compositions and isotopic profiles only changing when almost all of the protein
is lost. The ubiquity of collagen in archaeological bone has lead to the development of the use of collagen peptide mass fingerprints
for the identification of bone fragments—Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS). We report a novel, but a simple method
for the partial extraction of collagen for ZooMS that uses ammonium bicarbonate buffer but avoids demineralisation. We compared
conventional acid demineralisation with ammonium bicarbonate buffer extraction to test ZooMS in a range of modern and archaeological
bone samples. The sensitivity of the current generation of mass spectrometers is high enough for the non-destructive buffer
method to extract sufficient collagen for ZooMS. We envisage that a particular advantage of this method is that it leaves
worked bone artefacts effectively undamaged post-treatment, suitable for subsequent analysis or museum storage or display.
Furthermore, it may have potential as a screening tool to aid curators in the selection of material for more advanced molecular
analysis—such as DNA sequencing. 相似文献
112.
Was the countryside of early modern France marked fundamentallyby mobility or sedentarity? Tax rolls suggest the former, highendogamy rates the latter. For the period 16601720, ararely used source, the registers of translation de domicile(change of tax domicile), provide a more comprehensive answerthan civil or tax records. They suggest that, first, 60,00070,000better-off families moved each year; second, poor migrants,such as day labourers, rarely made declarations; third, thosewho owned land, moved far less often; fourth, laboureurs typicallymoved between 10 and 40 kilometres to take on farms of greaterimportance; fifth, cottagers and day labourers moved to a nearbyvillage, rarely more than 5 kilometres away and finally, menand their families moved for economic gain, whereas women movedbecause of economic loss, after the death of their husband.Because the laboureurs dominated the villagesfor example,paying most of the taxestheir movement shook the villagein fundamental ways. The translation de domicile registers indicatevillages open to the outside, full of in-migrants, whose economicstatus often bore a close correlation to the distance of theirmove (high-long, low-short). 相似文献
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114.
Levi Gahman Tivia Collins 《Gender, place and culture : a journal of feminist geography》2019,26(7-9):988-1000
AbstractThe aim of this piece is to provide an overview of the state of feminist geography in the Anglo-Caribbean. In doing so via the metaphor of a gayap, we provide a précis of work that has been completed by feminist geographers across the region; offer an analysis of the historical, structural, and institutional obstacles of why it is not more robust; and propose that it can be seen across the region via an undisciplined and anti-orthodox standpoint. In addition, we review how Caribbean feminist scholarship and praxis contributes to feminist geographies through analyses of how people in the region, particularly women, are contesting, negotiating, disrupting, and responding to prevailing heteropatriarchal ideologies across differing social contexts and political arrangements within the Caribbean. 相似文献
115.
Abstract: This article investigates the ways in which New Zealand local authorities respond to homelessness. It finds that while some punitive bylaws targeting homeless people exist, they are not widespread, and in three case study cities are accompanied by efforts to support social service providers. This indicates that New Zealand local authorities are prepared to look at alternatives to address homelessness, as opposed solely to following trends towards the increasing persecution of homeless people. However, cities' attitudes are subject to political whim, and on occasion they articulate an exclusive vision of public space linked to concerns for public safety and city image. Such thinking has led, for example, to homeless people being served with trespass notices by local authorities asserting “ownership” of public space. Nevertheless, the actions of New Zealand cities depart significantly from the dominant approaches seen elsewhere. This may be explained in part by the relative invisibility of homelessness in New Zealand, and by a popular distinction between “good” and “bad” homeless individuals. The net result is a generally positive approach to reducing homelessness by providing appropriate housing and support to those on the streets, complicating any direct application of the critical geographical literature on this issue to the New Zealand context. 相似文献
116.
Julie Wilson Karen Hardy Richard Allen Les Copeland Richard Wrangham Matthew Collins 《Journal of archaeological science》2010,37(3):594-604
Image analysis techniques have been used to investigate the likelihood of being able to classify and assign a probability regarding the plant origin of individual starch granules in a collection of granules. Quantifiable variables were used to characterize the granules, and the assignments and probabilities were calculated objectively. We consider the classification of images containing granules of a single species and of mixed species and the possibility of assigning a class to granules of unknown species in an image of a slide obtained from the dental calculus of chimpanzees. 相似文献
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Joe Collins C. Fred T. Andrus Robert J. Scott Amy Moe-Hoffman Evan Peacock 《Midcontinental journal of archaeology, MCJA》2020,45(1):39-63
ABSTRACTWe investigate the link between the consumption of foodstuffs, excavation of a large pit, and disposal of waste at the Tillar Farms site (3DR30), southeast Arkansas, using refit and oxygen isotope analyses of well-preserved freshwater mussel shells from Feature 1. Only 0.13% of 7,408 valves analyzed were unidentifiable to species.The refit analysis produced 460 refits across 23 species and strongly indicates that the shell midden represents a single episode of shellfish gathering, consumption, and discard. Oxygen isotope analysis of five randomly selected shells are used as a test of the refit results. δ18O values from the five archaeological shells are compared to modern control samples of live-collected specimens from Bayou Bartholomew in winter of 2011. Refit analysis suggests the accumulation of mussel shells occurred quickly, likely as a result of one collection, consumption, and discard event. δ18O values suggest this activity took place during a single winter season. 相似文献
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