《论语》“车中不内顾”新考

《古论语》中的“车中不内顾”,《鲁论语》中为“车中内顾”。造成这种情况的原因之一是“内”、“退”同源通用状态的时代变化,及其所导致的“内”所表示的意义的变化。从语法结构、语义推衍、“内”“退”的同源通用到《论语郑氏注》、《论语集解》的本选择都说明《论语》原貌当依古论为“车中不内顾”。     

银纳米薄膜试片在博物馆藏展材料评估筛选中的应用

Oddy测试法是一种最为常用的评估材料是否适合博物馆文物储藏与展示的测试方法,其缺点在于采用活性低的块状金属试片,需要28天的测试周期,同时试片表面平整度以及人为主观因素会影响目测结果的准确性.本工作制备了银纳米薄膜试片替代Oddy测试法中块状金属试片,以半径10mm玻璃圆片为基质,银薄膜厚度约为200～220nm.实验结果表明,采用银纳米薄膜试片后,腐蚀现象在14d后可充分显现并分化,延长至28d时腐蚀现象基本无大变化,有效的缩短了测试周期.同时尝试结合数码图像采集技术,有利于进一步的腐蚀现象数据化分析研究工作,从而得到更加客观准确的测试结果.     

馆藏文物保存环境检测用无动力扩散采样器初步设计

因为无动力扩散采样技术适合于对馆藏文物保存环境中的多种污染气体进行检测,为此,优化设计研制了一种无动力扩散采样器.通过分析采样器的工作原理,根据菲克第一扩散定律推导了污染物浓度换算公式.在比较了现有徽章式和扩散管式两种典型采样器的基础上,以扩散管式采样器为原型,增加了接头部件,以二氧化氮为污染气体代表,试验比较了采样器的不同组合对采样效果的影响.研究结果表明:该采样器能够根据采样环境的实际情况灵活组合,提高了采样器的适用性;二氧化氮采样分析计算结果基本达到设计要求,增加扩散腔厚度能降低采样的分散性;采用双面采样可以成倍增加污染物吸附量,提高检测灵敏度.     

薄膜试片测试法试片图像采集分析系统

薄膜试片测试法是一种能够全面有效地对博物馆藏展材料进行评估筛选的测试方法,对其腐蚀现象进行图象采集及进行数据化分析能够得到更为客观准确的测试结果.本工作对应该测试法设计了专门图像采集的硬件装置,采用密闭光源和彩色工业摄像机,可以得到清晰的试片图像.软件系统将采集图像、打开原始图像、图像分割处理、材料分级评价等功能模块化,并根据具体功能设计实现了基本应用的可视化界面.实验表明,该系统能够快速、准确地对藏展材料对试片的腐蚀现象进行数据化分析,使藏展材料的评估分级由人工目测走向计算机视觉计算,具有快速、客观、误差小等特点.     

试述唐宋间的"疑孟"、"非孟"思想

唐宋间,随着“孟子升格运动”的进行,孟子其人其书的地位逐渐提高。同时,也不断有人提出异议,形成一场颇具声势的“疑孟”、“非孟”运动。同是“疑孟”,表现各有不向,或委婉,或激越,内容涉及孟子的著作、思想、历史地位等诸多方面。怀疑思潮的盛行、对“孟子升格运动”的反动以及政治斗争的需要等原因共同促成了这一运动的兴起。     

Two biographies on Braudel

Fernand Braudel. By Giuliana Gemelli. (Paris: Editions Odile Jacob, 1995), 376 pp.

Braudel. By Pierre Daix. (Paris: Flammarion, 1995), 565 pp.     

Luminescence dating of prehistoric hearths in Northeast Qinghai Lake and its paleoclimatic implication

Archeological research has been trying to provide evidence relevant to understanding both the timing of and processes responsible for human colonization of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Hearth is one of the most extensive, important, and typical prehistoric humanity activity evidence on the QTP. However, there are a number of hearths lacking charcoal material because of the wind and water erosion. Fortunately, most of these hearths can be dated by luminescence dating on the remnant sediments around the hearth. In this study, 18 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) samples from 14 hearths in Yandongtai site (YDT) and Bronze Wire site (BW) in the northeast of Qinghai Lake area were systematically dated. The OSL ages range from 6.8 ± 0.7 to 14.4 ± 1.2 ka. There is a good agreement between OSL dating results and charcoal ages during the last deglaciation period, which indicates that OSL method has great potential in dating hearth on QTP. Combined with the previous dating results from other hearths, the age of hearths concentrates in 11–13 ka BP, i.e., the Younger Dryas (YD) chronozone. The increased number of hearths indicates reinforced colonization in the Qinghai Lake area during YD cold event, implying that the cold climate during YD event was not severe enough to hinder the inhabitation of prehistoric humanity at an elevation of 3.2 km.     

民国最后一任驻苏大使傅秉常在苏联的日子

本文作者为中华民国最后一任驻苏联大使傅秉常孙女,兹依据傅氏日记对其使苏期间的使馆日常工作稍作梳理,供对中苏关系有兴趣的研究者参考。     

Tourism and sacred landscape in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park,Nepal

Abstract

While tensions between the sacred and the profane in tourism have been of long standing interest to tourism scholars, there is a dearth of literature on the growing influence of tourism on local residents’ spirituality and religious practices in sacred landscapes. This paper examines how local residents’ interpretations of sacred landscapes are influenced by tourism development, and whether tourism plays a role in influencing and reproducing sacred landscape and place-based spiritual values. This exploratory study is based on four months of fieldwork conducted in 2014 and 2015 in Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park in Nepal’s Khumbu Region. Results of the 33 interviews conducted with ethnic Sherpa community indicate the Sherpa consider their homeland as a beyul (sacred, hidden valley), and its landscapes (i.e. mountains, forests and lakes) as the abode of local deities. Tourism’s influence on local spiritual values is evident and reflected in changes in mountain deity worship, shift in human-environment relationship, and alterations in religious routines and practices. Although Sherpa still regard Khumbu as a sacred place and are actively involved in maintaining their spiritual values and cultural identity, the religious influence of beyul is slowly diminishing as reliance on tourism grows.     

民俗文化与女性社会地位--以畲族女性为例

世俗社会中人的社会地位是由权利、金钱等决定的;辈分、道德、才华等,也是构成人的社会地位的要素。此外,中国历来有从生理性别上确定女性地位的民俗传统,女性家庭成员处于男性的从属地位。堆在畲族民俗文化研究中,我们发现：畲族女性有较高的家庭和社会地位。而畲族女性的地位,与民俗文化密切相关。众所周知,民俗文化是民众创造、传承和享用的生活文化。民俗文化因地域、民族的不同而显示其鲜明的个性。本文试图从女性视角审视畲族民俗文化,并对民俗文化与女性地位之间的关系作一考察。