文物保存微环境用调湿材料调湿性能研究

文物在贮存、展示过程中面临着环境温度、湿度、污染物对它的影响.其中,湿度是关键的一种因素.采用调湿材料控制文物保存微环境的湿度是最经济实用的方法.为了科学选用调湿材料,本工作选择了Art-Sorb(R)调湿产品与纤维调湿板,通过试验,评价了它们的湿容量、吸放湿性能、响应速度、调控时效等调湿性能.检测结果显示,Art-Sorb(R)调湿产品与纤维调湿板均有较好的调湿功能,但两者比较,纤维调湿板具有湿容量大、用量少的优点;而对Art-Sorb(R)产品,则其平衡湿度受外界环境温度的变化较小.     

我对第二轮修志的一些看法

作者针对第二轮修志提出三个"新",即理念新,内容新,编纂方法新。作者希望第二轮志书在现有的基础上大力提高志书的学术性,按照科学发展观的要求,遵循实事求是记述原则,进行批判地继承,总结地创新。收集资料的过程要注重社会调查,将文献和田野调查结合起来,并将调查所得写成专题报告。成志稿前一定要写资料长编,志书从第二稿起要请人评议。编纂志稿还要讲究文采,恰当使用图表,适当增加注释的分量,注意人物的历史评价和收录范围。     

用示踪气体法检测文物展柜换气率技术研究

摘要文物展柜为文物的展示和保存提供了一个相对独立的空间,展柜密封度的高低影响着展柜内微环境调控的效果。为评价文物展柜的密封度,用示踪气体法检测展柜换气率,从检测便捷、安全和实验数据可靠角度分析比较了二氧化碳和乙烯的实验结果。结果显示,两种示踪气体均可用于检测展柜的密封度。其中,二氧化碳气体检测法比较方便,但其密度较大,易于沉降,检测结果偏低。环境湿度对二氧化碳示踪气体法检测的结果有一定影响。应用二氧化碳示踪气体法测试了多种展柜的换气率表明,各展柜的密封度有较大差别,每天换气率从0.1次到37次不等。检测结果提示,二氧化碳示踪气体法为评价展柜的密封度提供了一个简便易行的方法。     

文物保存环境中温湿度研究

文物在贮存、展示过程中面临着环境温度、湿度、污染物对它的影响.其中,湿度是关键的一种因素.采用调湿材料控制文物保存微环境的湿度是最经济实用的方法.为了科学选用调湿材料,本工作选择了Art-Sorb(R)调湿产品与纤维调湿板,通过试验,评价了它们的湿容量、吸放湿性能、响应速度、调控时效等调湿性能.检测结果显示,Art-Sorb(R)调湿产品与纤维调湿板均有较好的调湿功能,但两者比较,纤维调湿板具有湿容量大、用量少的优点;而对Art-Sorb(R)产品,则其平衡湿度受外界环境温度的变化较小.     

Seismic Performance of Precast Hybrid-Steel Concrete Connections

This article presents experimental and analytical investigations of hybrid-steel concrete connections. In the experimental study, four full-scale specimens including one cast-in-place and three precast specimens were tested under cyclic load reversals. The performance of the specimens in terms of energy dissipating capacity, cracking patterns, and variation of strains along the main reinforcement is described. However, due to the inherent complexity of beam-column joints and the unique features of the tested specimens, the experimental investigation was not sufficient enough to fully understand the influence of several parameters. Therefore, an analytical investigation based on the FE models using DIANA software is presented. Validation of the FE models against the experimental results has shown a good agreement. The critical parameters influencing the joint's behavior such as the continuation of beam bottom reinforcement, column axial load, the size and embedded length of the angle sections are varied, and their effects including possible implications on code specifications are discussed.     

被遗忘的曼陀罗：唐代初传的金刚界曼陀罗

本文探讨了金刚智、不空师徒初传于唐代的金刚界曼陀罗(即《金刚顶经》所述的金刚界大曼陀罗),作者一反过去成见,试图阐明以拟人化的形式表现的金刚界三十七尊的曼陀罗并非唐代初传期的金刚界曼陀罗,而最可能是由不空的弟子,即惠果等辈于8世纪末或9世纪初所完成的。证诸史料,金刚智、不空忠实于根本经典《金刚顶经》的指示,大日如来的四亲近,即四波罗蜜是以三昧耶形的形式出现。但此种金刚界曼陀罗,在9世纪初的中国似乎被以菩萨形表现的四波罗蜜完全取代,消失于历史洪流之中。反观藏传的金刚界曼陀罗,数百年来波罗蜜形与拟人化的四波罗蜜图像并行不悖,在一定程度上反映了汉藏传法演教历史的歧异。     

华盛顿会议与中国民众运动

第一次世界大战结束,美国由于未能在巴黎和会上满足其在远东地区扩张势力的目的而又积极倡议召开华盛顿会议来讨论远东和太平洋问题,以求拆散原有的英日同盟,打击日本在东方的优势,以建立自己在远东的霸权,而英国也深感日本发展趋势的威胁,迫切希望重新调整帝国主义在东方的势力均衡关系。因此经英、美共同发起、并由美国出面召开有英、美、法、意、日、中六国参加的华盛顿会议,后又增加荷兰、比利时及葡萄牙而成为九国会议。美国于１９２１年８月１３日向中、日、英、法、意等国发出正式邀请;１６日,北京政府表示与会,成立“太平…     

Investigations on the degree of bleaching of quartz OSL signals using modern aeolian dust from western Loess Plateau, China

Optically Stimulated Luminescence signal of quartz extracted from modern aeolian dust with known maximum age (about decades) was analyzed in terms of degree of bleaching. The results of dose recovery tests show that the modified double single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol with the early background subtraction is robust for dating these modern dusts using small aliquots. Bleaching of these dusts is discussed based on the distribution of De values in histograms, scatter plots of D_e versus sensitivity corrected natural OSL signal and comparison between measured D_e and expected D_e. The results indicate that most dusts were completely bleached but some dusts were not completely bleached. For those incompletely bleached dusts in Lanzhou area, the maximum OSL age overestimation is up to ～1 ka, which might be caused by fast deposition accompanied by heavy sand/dust storms. The research suggests that cautions should be given to OSL ages younger than 1 ka in the western China close to deserts.     

Examining quartz OSL age underestimation for loess samples from Luochuan in the Chinese Loess Plateau

When using quartz OSL to date loess samples from the Chinese Loess Plateau, it has been reported that the agreement between OSL ages and the independent ages is limited to the samples younger than ～70 ka with a corresponding D_e of ～230 Gy, and a sample with an expected age of 780 ka was dated to 107 ka, corresponding to 403 Gy. The growth curves of these samples do not saturate at doses of 700 Gy, and a linear growth part was observed for doses higher than 200 Gy. However, the maximum measured age of ～100 ka imply that the D_e determined using this linear part of a growth curve could be problematic, or that the quartz OSL signal is not as stable as previously thought and has a barrier age of ～100 ka. In the current study, we examine the reasons for the age underestimation. We examined the shape of growth curves, anomalous fading, thermal stability, etc. The results show that, for the loess samples examined, quartz OSL does not fade anomalously, and the barrier age of ～100 ka is due to the fact that the OSL signals are less thermally stable, the lifetime of 0.311 Ma at 20°C obtained is much smaller than those for quartz samples from other regions such as Australia (～100 Ma).     

聚合物膜修饰电极QCM方法对博物馆环境中典型气态分子污染物甲醛的检测研究

在可以导致文物、艺术品及历史档案资料品质退化的几种环境因素中,浓度较低的气态悬浮分子污染物甲醛对文物是最具潜在破坏性影响.在光、热等物理冈素的联合作用下,其形成的复合污染对文物的破坏作用更强,而就其对不同种类文物的影响的规律性研究目前尚缺少基础数据.因此,本研究采用聚苯胺膜修饰的石英晶振片电极(简称复合电极),结合石英晶体微天平(QCM)方法,对微环境中不同浓度的甲醛进行了检测研究.研究结果表明,复合电极对甲醛有较好的响应信号,复合电极频率变化值与时间基本呈线性关系,并且随甲醛浓度的升高,复合电极频率下降速度增加,频率变化值增大.研究还发现,甲醛的浓度值与频率变化值也呈现出较好的线性关系.据此可以推算文物保存环境中挥发性气态分子污染物甲醛的含量.本方法可以对文物保存环境中甲醛浓度的变化进行实时监测,为文物保存环境质量评价提供一种新的方法和依据.