古陶瓷纹饰琐谈——八仙的故事

说起“八仙”,每个人都能说出吕洞宾、张果老、铁拐李等几个耳熟能详的名字来,“八仙”对于中国人来说是非常熟悉的神仙了,关于他们的传说也是如数家珍。     

Ageing,Poverty and the Role of a Social Pension in Vietnam

Using the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey in 2004, this article seeks to quantify the potential role and impacts of a social pension scheme for reducing elderly poverty in Vietnam. The authors simulate changes in the poverty rate, poverty gap and poverty severity of the elderly in the counterfactual situation that such a scheme had been introduced to Vietnam in the past. They consider a number of categorical targeting groups of elderly people along with various transfer parameters to assess the impacts of the scheme on social welfare. They conclude that, depending on the characteristics of the social pension, there would be beneficial poverty reductions, but also large leakages to the non‐poor people. For a variety of measures, the results suggest that targeting the elderly in rural areas might be the most effective use of limited resources. Simulations for different budgetary constraints show that, even with limited budgeting, a social pension scheme would significantly reduce poverty incidence for the elderly. Furthermore, for a given programme cost, combining lower benefits with lower eligibility requirements is more effective at reducing poverty than providing larger benefits to a more limited group of recipients.     

符号表征与主客同位景观：民族文化旅游空间的一种后现代性——以“彝人古镇”为例

以旅游空间生产为主要特点的模拟的民族文化主题公园和人造景观是后现代旅游的一种典型代表。本文以云南“彝人古镇”为例,从空间生产角度对民族文化旅游所体现的后现代性特征及其社会效应进行探讨,认为“符号表征”与“主客同位景观”分别是民族文化旅游空间客体生产与主体生产的标志性特征。民族文化主题公园成就了存在主义原真性旅游体验,在少数民族文化遗产旅游利用与保护方面具有积极意义。     

再议秦始皇帝陵墓方向与陵园方向——墓向与陵向二元结构并存的秦始皇帝陵园

秦始皇帝陵园陵向研究中存在东向说和坐南面北说两种观点。通过研究,秦始皇帝陵墓以东墓道为主墓道、坐西面东是沿袭秦公帝王陵墓本身的传统;就陵园整体来说,其当为坐南面北的结构,这种布局是结合陵区地形,并综合交通形势等因素而形成的。秦始皇帝陵将陵墓方向与陵园方向进行了有机的统一,并有可能影响了西汉帝陵的布局。     

定边郝滩东汉壁画墓绿色底层颜料分析研究

本研究以定边郝滩东汉壁画墓中绿色底层为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜(PLM)、带能谱的扫描电子显微镜(SEM/EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和拉曼光谱(RS)分析了绿色底层的成分与物相,同时和四种已知国外绿土相比较,得出绿色底色为绿土,对其进行深入分析研究以期为考古学和后期文物保护工作提供科学信息。     

上海世博会与工业遗产博物馆

20世纪六七十年代,西方国家掀起工业遗产的保护运动,兴建了各类工业遗产博物馆,并在保护实践中探索出有效的保护方法。上海世博会园区建设中,上海世博局对工业遗产保护确定了三级分类原则并进行了有效保护,确立了改造再利用的方案以及世博会后将部分展馆转为博物馆的规划,这将对上海的博物馆事业发展起到巨大的推动作用。     

新疆吐鲁番胜金店墓地出土煤精制品的科技分析

煤精独特的质地与光泽使其成为制作装饰品和工艺品的重要原料之一,自新石器时代中期便在我国作为艺术载体而出现。目前煤精制品的鉴定主要依据外观形貌、划痕颜色和破坏程度较大的煤岩学分析,无损或微损的科技分析甚少。本研究利用气相色谱-质谱联用、红外光谱及同步辐射显微CT技术对新疆吐鲁番西汉时期胜金店墓地出土的一枚黑色珠子开展了无损和微损分析。结果表明,珠子为煤精制品,结构均匀,制作时采用了对向钻孔工艺并经过了打磨、修整处理。煤精制品自西汉以来逐渐出现在低阶人群墓葬中,这种消费大众化现象可能与汉代煤的首次大规模利用有关;而煤精制品自汉代开始在新疆地区零星出现,推测新疆煤精制品的利用很可能是汉文化影响的结果。     

Prehistoric wooden bows and arrows in the Turpan Basin,Northwest China: Wood selection and utilization in a mosaic landscape

In the present study, we analyzed seven wooden bows and 13 arrows excavated from the cemeteries of Subeixi Culture (13th century BCE–AD second century) in the Turpan Basin, northwest China. A total of six taxa, viz. Morus sp., Salix sp., Picea sp., Lonicera sp., Betula sp., and Tamarix sp. were identified. Some of these taxa have been generally accepted to be suitable for bow-and-arrow production. All these taxa were local in origin but distributed in different ecotonal zones, including oases, saline-alkali lands, and mountain areas. Previous archaeological studies have confirmed that the Subeixi populations lived an agro-pastoral life. By analyzing the possible provenance of these wood samples, it can be hypothesized that these ancient agro-pastoralists moved between the Turpan Basin and the Tianshan Mountains on a seasonal basis.     

“非遗”传承人保护政策的再思考

现行的非物质文化遗产(非遗)传承人保护政策以树立精英式代表性传承人为重点,这一制度不仅疏于为大多数传承人提供真正利于精进技艺的社会环境,也忽视了非遗的多样性特点,与当今国际社会新理念的普通传承人、群体传承人和传承社区的保护意识尚有距离。政府和社会需要提升代表性传承人保护政策的科学性和针对性,应关注更多的普通传承人;还应引入企业和社会力量,促进民间自发的传承机制的运作;要加强非遗产权的法规保护及产权意识的培养,推动全社会民众与传承人共同保护优秀非遗的良性增长。     

袁树勋与宣统年间粤商“承盐加饷”方案

宣统元年,针对广东盐务弊端,署任两广总督袁树勋上呈长篇奏折,提出新商"承盐加饷"方案,以期达到改良盐政和解决赌饷的双重目的。该方案受到社会各阶层的抗议,民间士绅、商人团体、报刊舆论、广东和广西谘议局乃至华人华侨,几乎呈现出一边倒的反对倾向。盐政处派出调查小组实地考察后,决定广东盐务仍由旧商承办,袁树勋终未能实现改良盐务的初衷。