国家图书馆藏鲁迅手稿散页保存袋的材质安全性能研究

国家图书馆古籍馆自2013年起对馆藏大量鲁迅手稿散页的保存袋进行材质安全性评估及相关研究,通过模拟试验测定不同材质保存袋内装手工纸、打印纸纸页在老化前后发生的理化性质变化,分析老化过程中不同材质的保存袋对内装纸页产生哪些影响,藉此评价保存袋材质的安全性能。研究结果表明,目前所用的硫酸纸袋和其他保存袋都不利于该类文献的保存,应考虑采用合适的无酸保护纸袋。     

刻具博局去不祥 山东博物馆藏汉代博局镜赏析

汉代是中国历史上第一个铜镜铸造高峰期。此时铜镜数量丰富,类型众多,在考古发现中汉代墓葬普遍随葬铜镜。汉镜常见的装饰纹样可分为蟠螭纹、蟠虺纹、草叶纹、星云纹、乳钉禽兽纹、博局纹、变形四叶纹、双兽纹、     

SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF LANDFILL SEISMIC RESPONSE

Assessment of landfill seismic response necessitates the availability of reliable dynamic material properties. During the past decade, geophysical surveys and computational studies have been conducted to investigate the seismic response of the Operating Industries, Inc. (OII) landfill in Southern California. In this paper, a survey and summary of available research results is presented. In addition, a set of Oil input-output seismic records during six earthquakes is thoroughly analysed. Spectral analyses are conducted to shed light on the landfill dynamic response characteristics. A simple shear beam model is found to be useful in modelling the landfill resonant behaviour. System identification techniques are employed to estimate the landfill stiffness and damping properties. These properties are defined by minimising the difference between computed and recorded acceleration response spectra at the landfill top. The identified stiffness properties are found to be near the lower bound of those documented through geophysical measure-ments. Identified damping of about 5% (at resonance) is within the range of earlier investigations. Comparisons of the computed and recorded accelerations show: (I) effectiveness of a linear viscous shear beam model in simulating the landfill dynamic behaviour, for the recorded small to moderate levels of dynamic excitation (up to 0.26 g peak lateral acceleration), and (ii) potential of the employed system identification procedure for analysis of input-output seismic motions.     

The emerging of "female citizen": The subject identity of modern Chinese women through literary practices

The construction of “citizen-state” relations in the intellectual world of modern China and the establishment of individual citizenship in political discourse have opened up a political and discourse sphere for modern women to strive for new identities, wherein some intellectually advanced women have managed to establish their individual identity as “female citizen” by carrying the debate on the relationship between women and the state with regard to their rights and responsibilities, and on the relationship between gender role and citizenship. Though the idea of “female citizen” was not provided with a political theory of practical significance, the subject identity of women, however, was repeatedly spoken about and strengthened in brand-new literary practices, resulting in a dynamic discourse of “female citizen”; in the meantime, disagreements concerning the concepts of “female rights,” “civil rights,” and “natural rights” have all helped create significant tension inside the related discourse sphere.     

风险视角下的城市聚落形成模拟

幂次法则是普遍存在于自然科学和社会科学界的现象,而城市位序-规模法则是幂次法则在城市科学中的体现之一,然而特定城市规模分布一直缺乏完整的解释。本文尝试结合城市增长过程中土地开发行为的报酬递增规则与土地开发主体的风险认知行为,以城市增长的微观过程为切入视角模拟宏观城市聚落演化过程,进而探讨风险态度对城市聚落形态,尤其是对其规模分布的影响。研究结果表明：①即使城市聚落演化过程中存在多种风险态度,幂次法则在城市聚落的规模分布中仍保持着稳健性; ②现实世界中城市聚落规模分布的变异和稳定可能来自城市主体风险态度的多样性。     

山东长清灵岩寺千佛殿罗汉像病害分析研究

灵岩寺千佛殿彩绘罗汉像是弥足珍贵的艺术珍宝,在过去的岁月中自然老化和环境因素导致塑像出现了各种病害,威胁其安全保存。病害调查、病害产生原因和机理研究是塑像科学保护的重要基础,具有重要意义。本研究应用X-射线衍射(XRD)、离子色谱(IC)、显微拉曼光谱(μ-RS)、超景深显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜-能谱(SEM-EDX)等多种分析技术,探讨了罗汉像各种表观病害产生的原因和机理。研究表明,塑像酥碱区域含有较多硫酸盐和硝酸盐。硫酸盐随温湿度波动,反复结晶—溶解中体积变化引起的应力不断破坏地仗,使之酥碱。硝酸盐腐蚀地仗,并与其他可溶盐一起不断粉化、破坏地仗。酥碱病害继而引发了彩绘层起甲、龟裂、甚至脱落。塑像额头、头顶等易积灰区域的起甲、龟裂病害与降尘有关。灰尘层中的Ca²⁺、SO2-₄与水形成含水硫酸钙引起的体积膨胀应力传递到颜料层导致了开裂、起甲。     

评黄宽重《孙应时的学宦生涯》--兼谈孙应时改官的问题

《孙应时的学宦生涯——道学追随者对南宋中期政局变动的因应》①是黄宽重2018年出版的学术专著。读者从书题中可初步了解作者的研究旨趣,即通过梳理孙应时个人的学宦生涯,探讨南宋中期发生的以“庆元党禁”为标志性事件的一系列政局变动中,孙应时及其代表的“道学追随者”如何应对这一可能吞噬他们的危局。