再论民间祭祀文化在戏剧起源史上的重要作用——对傅谨教授《中国戏剧发源于乡村祭祀仪礼说质疑》一文的回应

傅谨教授的《中国戏剧发源于祭祀仪礼说质疑》是对拙著《中国戏剧史》的批评,但也是一种明显的误读。中国戏剧学界存在着“禁忌民俗学”的传统偏见,忽视乡村祭祀戏剧的研究成果,漠视民间祭祀文化在中国戏剧起源史上的重要作用。本文剖析中国戏曲研究禁忌民俗学偏见之特色和由来,再一次阐明《中国戏剧史》提出的“宋元戏剧在从祭祀到戏曲的过渡阶段的关键作用”。在讨论戏剧的起源时,民俗学的眼光与田野调查必不可少;而讨论戏剧的发展时,社会经济史学也成为主要的理论方法,如此才能解决祭祀性戏剧和欣赏性戏剧之间的连续性问题     

Cross-border childcare strategies of Burmese migrant workers in Thailand

In discussing the challenges of cross-border childcare faced by migrant workers, most research focuses on ‘distance mothering’, assuming that children remain in the place of origin. In contrast, this article focuses on childcare at the place of destination in the context of migrant Burmese factory workers in Thailand. Since many of these workers are ‘undocumented’, they have few rights in their place of destination. This is especially problematic in the areas of reproductive health and childcare rights. Despite such obstacles, Burmese migrant workers strive to manage their childcare responsibilities by mobilizing whatever resources are available, as well as seeking to maximize the possibilities of citizenship and education rights for their children. According to our research, the specific strategies deployed vary according to the particular location in Thailand in which migrants are working. This study analyzes three locations in Thailand – one in the central Thailand, and the other two at the borderlands between Burma and Thailand. Through a feminist analysis of the ‘care diamond’, the study demonstrates how Burmese women migrant workers utilize the different migrant labor governance systems and porous international border as resources and opportunities to develop complex and changing strategies to juggle their childcare arrangements.     

A Bi‐objective Optimization Model for Designing Safe Walking Routes for School Children

This study uses a mathematical optimization approach to design safe walking routes from school to home for children. Children are thought to be safer when walking together in groups rather than alone. Thus, we assume that the risk of walking along a given road segment in a group is smaller than that of walking the same segment alone. At the same time, the walking route between school and home for each child should not deviate substantially from the shortest route. We propose a bi‐objective model that minimizes both the total risk (particularly, the total distance walked alone) and the total walking distance for all children. We present an integer programming formulation of the proposed problem and apply this formulation to two instances based on actual road networks. We obtain Pareto optimal solutions using a mathematical programming solver and analyze the characteristics of the solutions and their potential applicability to real situations. The results show that the proposed model produces much better solutions compared with the solution where each child walks along the shortest path from school to home. In some optimal solutions, only a small deviation from the shortest path results in a dramatic reduction of the risk objective.     

归侨认同意识的形成及其动态——以广东粤海湾华侨农场为例

基于田野调查的内容,选择粤海湾华侨农场作为研究对象,采用"多元社区"概念,以归侨群体在文化适应过程中的能动作用为理论视角,从多元社区的形成、归侨文化与认同意识的形成、归侨认同意识的动态等方面考察和分析了归侨社区内部高度复合性的群体关系以及由此而产生的内部传统调适和整合机制。     

Luminescence dating of volcanogenic outburst flood sediments from Aso volcano and tephric loess deposits, southwest Japan

Luminescence dating has been applied to volcanogenic outburst flood sediments (Takuma gravel bed) from Aso volcano, Japan, and tephric loess deposits overlying the gravel bed. The poly-mineral fine grains (4–11 μm) from loess deposits were measured with pulsed optically stimulated luminescence (pulsed OSL) and post-IR infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) methods, whereas the Takuma gravel bed containing no quartz, was measured with IRSL and pIRIR methods using sand sized (150–200 μm) plagioclase. The loess deposits date back at least to ～50 ka by consistent IRSL, pIRIR and pulsed OSL ages from the lowermost part of the loess deposits from one section. The ages obtained from the bottom part of the other loess section are not consistent each other. However, we consider that the pIRIR age (72±6 ka) which showed negligible anomalous fading is most reliable, and regard as a preliminary minimum age of the Takuma gravel bed. The equivalent doses (D_e) for the plagioclase from the Takuma gravel bed have a narrow distribution and the weighted mean of the three samples yield an age of 89±3 ka. This age is in agreement with the last caldera-forming eruption of Aso volcano (～87 ka) and it is likely that the pIRIR signal has not been bleached before the deposition. IRSL dating without applying pIRIR using small aliquots was also conducted, however, the IRSL signal shows no clear evidence of an additional bleaching during the event of outburst flood from the caldera lake.     

The Probabilistic Minisum Flow Interception Problem: Minimizing the Expected Travel Distance until Intercept under Probabilistic Interception

We develop a variant of the flow interception problem (FIP) in which it is more desirable for travelers to be intercepted as early as possible in their trips. In addition, we consider flows being intercepted probabilistically instead of the deterministic view of coverage assumed in the FIP literature. We call the proposed model the probabilistic minisum FIP (PMFIP); it involves minimizing the sum of the expected distance that each flow travels until intercepted at a facility among placed facilities. This extension allows us to evaluate the effect of facility location under any given value of the interception probability and to apply the model to a variety of situations. We apply the proposed model to an example network by assuming a hypothetical situation in which people gather at a stadium from various nodes on the network, and receive some goods or services on the way to the stadium. We analyze optimal solutions obtained by varying the number of facilities and interception probability. It is shown that the expected travel distance until intercept is greatly reduced by means of a few optimally located facilities under a moderate interception probability.