Hurricane impacts on southeastern United States coastal national park visitation

As a major contributor to local economies, the tourism industry has been greatly impacted by natural disasters. This study demonstrates the association between tourism economies and impacts of hurricanes in the southeastern United States containing coastal national parks, known for attracting a large number of tourists and having experienced hurricanes. In keeping with two longitudinal data methods (i.e. panel logit model and autoregressive integrated moving average), this study focused on the relationship between the (1) duration, intensity, and damage of hurricanes; (2) existing climate conditions; and (3) tourism demand on park visitation during hurricane and tourism seasons. As a whole, the impacts of hurricanes and climate conditions (precipitation, temperature) were found to have a negative effect on tourism demands (park visitation). With regard to the response of tourism economies to natural disaster damage, parks that experienced stronger natural disasters may be closed for a longer period in order to reconstruct facilities or natural/cultural resources damaged by storms. In an attempt to improve tourism-based regional economies, overcome the challenge of natural disasters on tourism economies, and increase opportunities for establishing disaster management, it is necessary to make an effort to allay unexpected damage to tourism-based areas through proactive plans for disaster mitigation activities.     

The Tertiary Turn: Locating “The Academy” in Autobiographical Accounts of Activism in Manchester,UK and Auckland,Aotearoa New Zealand

Abstract: Activists often strategically negotiate sectoral boundaries by switching between public, private and voluntary sectors over the life course in order to pursue their aims. This paper draws on a cross‐national study that explored the extent of this inter‐sectoral movement and the specific “career pathways” activists developed in relation to governmental, private and voluntary/community sector organisations. Using an analysis of 46 biographical narratives gathered from activists in Manchester, UK and Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand during 2007 we situate “the academy” in these life stories of activism. Teasing out from these accounts the motivations behind a turn towards tertiary education at particular moments we examine how “academia” supports and sustains individual activists while legitimising and professionalising their activism. In so doing, we track the tactical transfer of knowledge, skills and expertise effected by contact with “the academy” to make substantive and conceptual claims around the future role universities might play in the knowledge economy.     

Creating a Nation of Joiners: Democracy and Civil Society in Early National Massachusetts

Abstract

The Occupy Wall Street protest that has spread to other cities across the United States in the autumn of 2011 bears striking similarities to the American Railway Union's strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company near Chicago in 1894, led by Eugene Debs. That protest movement laid the foundations for progressive reforms in the early twentieth century.     

Beating swords into croziers: warrior bishops in the kingdom of Castile,c.1158–1214

This paper examines the prevalence of armsbearing bishops in the kingdom of Castile during the reign of Alfonso VIII (r.1158–1214). It suggests that recent work by scholars whose research focuses on regions such as England, France and the Holy Roman Empire needs to be contextualised within a much broader survey of the phenomenon. To achieve that goal, this paper examines the evidence of armsbearing bishops in the frontier kingdom of Castile, and demonstrates the ways in which the frameworks established by some scholars need to be adjusted to fit the larger medieval reality experienced across Latin Christendom.     

Response Sensitivity of Highway Bridges to Randomly Oriented Multi-Component Earthquake Excitation

In two-dimensional and single axis three-dimensional finite element analyses, the ground motion incidence angle can play a significant role in structural response. The effect of incidence angle for three-dimensional excitation and response is investigated in this paper for response of highway bridges. Single-degree-of-freedom elastic and inelastic mean spectra were computed from various orientation techniques and found indistinguishable for combinations of orthogonal horizontal components. Probabilistic seismic demand models were generated for the nonlinear response of five different bridge models. The negligible effect of incidence angle on mean ensemble response was confirmed with a stochastic representation of the ground motions.     

The Colored Bridges Problem: In Memory of Frank Harary (1921–2005)

A town has a network of walkways running through it, each colored gray. A red bridge is constructed between every two walkway intersections that are two blocks apart, and a blue bridge is constructed between every two intersections that are three blocks apart. The colored bridges problem asks whether it is possible to take a round‐trip about the town passing through each of its intersections exactly once such that during this trip the walkway or bridge used to enter every intersection is of a different color than that used to exit it. With the aid of graph theory, we show that such a round‐trip is always possible when the walkways of the town form a grid. Conditions are determined under which no blue bridges are needed. Una ciudad tiene una red de caminos de color gris que la atraviesan. Un puente rojo se construye entre cada dos intersecciones de caminos separados por dos manzanas y un puente azul se construye entre cada dos intersecciones que están a tres manzanas de distancia. El problema de los puentes de colores se pregunta si es posible hacer un viaje alrededor de la ciudad pasando por cada una de las intersecciones exactamente una sola vez de modo que durante este viaje el camino o puente utilizado para entrar en cada intersección es de color distinto al que se utiliza para salir. Con la ayuda de la teoría de grafos, mostramos que tal viaje es siempre posible cuando los caminos de la ciudad forman una cuadrícula. Se determinan las condiciones bajo las cuales no son necesarios los puentes azules. 城镇中贯穿于其中的通道构成的网络标记为灰色。任意两个分离区域的通道交叉处构建一个红色的桥,而三个分离区域的两两交叉处则构建一个蓝色的桥。有色桥问题是关于能否对任意交叉处仅通过一次就能遍历整个城镇,也就是在该旅程中在进入和走出每个交叉点的道路或桥是不同颜色的问题。借助于图论,本文显示了当城镇道路网络构建格网时,上述路径总是存在的。当不需要蓝色的桥时,条件是完全确定的。