Reviews

Geoffrey Hawker, Who's Master, Who's Servant? Reforming Bureaucracy, Sydney, George Allen & Unwin, 1981, pp. 100. $12.95, $5.95 (paper).

Robert Catley and Bruce McFarlane Australian Capitalism in Boom and Depression: Options for the 1980's, Chippendale, Alternative Publishing Cooperative Ltd, 1981, pp. 249. $21.95, $9.95 (paper).

Robert Birrell and Tanya Birrell, An Issue of People: Population and Australian Society, Melbourne, Longman Cheshire, 1981, pp. 277. $9.95.

Jim Kemeny, The Myth of Home Ownership; Private Versus Public Choices in Housing Tenures, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, pp. 173. 6.95 (paper—Routledge Direct Editions).

R.F. Henderson (ed), The Welfare Stakes: Strategies for Australian Social Policy. Melbourne; Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, University of Melbourne, 1981. $6.95.

Heather Radi, Peter Spearritt, Elizabeth Hinton Biographical Register of the New South Wales Parliament 1901–1970 Canberra, ANU Press, 1979, pp. 302. $24.95, $12.50 (paper).

R.L. Mathews (ed), Regional Disparities and Economic Development, Canberra, Centre for Research on Federal Financial Relations and the ANU Press, pp. 254, $12.00 (paper).

Grant Amyot, The Italian Communist Party, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 252 212.95; Carl Boggs and David Plotke (eds), The Politics of Eurocommunism: Socialism in Transition, London, Mac‐millan, 1980, pp. 479. $13.95

J.A. Ballard (ed), Policy‐Making in a New State: Papua New Guinea 1972–77, St Lucia, University of Queensland Press, 1981, pp. 331. $25.

Joseph Camilleri, Chinese Foreign Policy; The Maoist Era and its Aftermath, Oxford, Martin Robertson, 1980, pp. 311. 225.

L.J. Macfarlane, The Right to Strike, Harmond‐sworth, Penguin, 1981, pp. 201. $6.95.

Ian Bradley, Breaking the Mould? The Birth and Prospects of the Social Democratic Party, Oxford, Martin Robertson, 1981, pp. 172. 22.95 (paper).

Shirley Williams, Politics is for People, Harmond‐sworth, Penguin Books, 1981, pp. 230. $6.95.

V.L. Allen, The Militancy of British Miners, Bail‐don Green, Yorkshire, The Moor Press (distributed in Australia by Australian Studies Books), 1981, pp. 337. n.p.a.

Robert Behrens, The Conservative Party From Heath to Thatcher: Policies and Politics 1974–1979, Farnborough, Saxon House, 1980, pp. 139. $20.50.

Neill Nugent and Roger King (eds), The British Right: Conservative and Right Wing Politics in Britain, Farnborough, Saxon House, 1977, pp. 230. $31.00.

Ahmed Mohiddin, African Socialism in Two Countries, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 231. 212.50.

Jan Jelmert Jorgenson, Uganda: A Modern History, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 381. 213.95.

Mohammed Ayoob (ed), The Middle East in World Politics, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 217. 210.95.

Aryeh Y. Yodfat and Yuval Arnon‐Ohanna, PLO Strategy and Tactics, London, Croom Helm, 1981, pp. 225.211.50.

David Lane, Leninism: a sociological interpretation, Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 150. 213.50, 24.50 (paper).

Donald C. Hodges, The Bureaucratization of Socialism, The University of Massachusetts Press, 1981, pp. 210. $15.00.

Marshall S. Shatz, Soviet Dissent in Historical Perspective, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1980, pp. 214. $32.25.

Seweryn Bialer (ed), The Domestic Context of Soviet Foreign Policy, Boulder, Colorado & London, Westview/Croom Helm, 441 pp. 214.95.

Raymond Plant, Harry Lesser and Peter Taylor‐Gooby, Political Philosophy and Social Welfare: Essays on the Normative Basis of Welfare Provision, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1980, pp. 262. 8.95, 4.95 (paper).

William E. Connolly, Appearance and Reality in Politics, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 218.15.00.

Jane J. Mansbridge, Beyond Adversary Democracy, New York, Basic Books, 1980, pp. 377. US$20.

William A. Galston, Justice and the Human Good, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1980, pp. 324. US$27.95.

Norma Grieve and Patricia Grimshaw (eds), Australian Women. Feminist Perspectives, Melbourne, Oxford University Press, 1981, pp. 333. $9.95 (paper).

Joni Lovenduski and Jill Hills (eds).Tfie Politics of the Second Electorate: Women and Public Participation. London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1981, pp. 332. 6.95 (paper).

E.M. Ettorre, Lesbians, Women and Society, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980, pp. 208. $13.95.

Jane Lewis, The Politics of Motherhood, Child and Maternal Welfare in England 1900–1939, London, Croom Helm 1980, pp. 235. $17.50.

Dale Spender, Man Made Language, London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980, pp. 250. 4.95 (paper).     

The dynamics of global visual effects and games development industries: lessons for Australia’s creative industries development policy

The paper critiques the focus of creative industries policy on capability development of small and medium sized firms and the provision of regional incentives. It analyses factors affecting the competitiveness and sustainability of the games development industry and visual effects suppliers to feature films. Interviews with participants in these industries highlight the need for policy instruments to take into consideration the structure and organization of global markets and the power of lead multinational corporations. We show that although forms of economic governance in these industries may allow sustainable value capture, they are interrupted by bottlenecks in which ferocious competition among suppliers is confronted by comparatively little competition among the lead firms. We argue that current approaches to creative industries policy aimed at building self-sustaining creative industries are unlikely to be sufficient because of the globalized nature of the industries. Rather, we argue that a more profitable approach is likely to require supporting diversification of the industries as ‘feeders’ into other areas of the economy.     

Foreign rule? Transnational,national, and local perspectives on Venice and Venetia within the ‘multinational’ empire

The history of the Habsburg Empire in the post-Napoleonic era is frequently approached from the perspective of its various component nationalities. These were traditionally portrayed in the historiography as engaged in more-or-less open struggle with control from Vienna. This article argues that the over-privileging of such national categories can distort the picture. By looking at a number of case studies – the naming of Lombardy-Venetia, the Biblioteca italiana, the Panteon veneto – the relationship between Venice (and its Terraferma) and Habsburg rule during the second Austrian domination is examined. It will be argued that it is more profitable to see Venetian identities (municipal, local, Italian, and as part of a wider transnational European culture) as capable of working for as well as against the empire, and that Habsburg policy was as often concerned with managing potential local rivalries (notably between Lombards and Venetians) as with controlling a perceived Italian threat. It is also suggested that, while cultivation of local identity was often used to reinforce the national, the Austrian authorities were also happy to annex both to further imperial interests.     

An investigation of the origins of cattle and aurochs deposited in the Early Bronze Age barrows at Gayhurst and Irthlingborough

The Early Bronze Age round barrows at Irthlingborough, Northamptonshire and Gayhurst, Buckinghamshire contained remarkably large quantities of cattle (Bos taurus) remains. At Irthlingborough, at least 185 skulls with smaller numbers of mandibles, shoulder blades and pelves were found together with a small number of skeletal elements from aurochs (Bos primigenius). In contrast, the remains from Gayhurst are dominated by the limb bones from more than 300 animals. This study employed strontium isotope ratio analysis of cattle tooth enamel from 15 cattle and one aurochs to investigate the diversity of the animals' origins at both sites and provide insights into Early Bronze Age funerary practices. Although strontium results show that most of the cattle and the aurochs included in this study were consistent with local origins, one animal from each barrow was born remotely, most likely in western Britain. In addition, a second Gayhurst animal was consistent with origins in a region of chalk rather than the local Jurassic sediments.     

Shellfish Exploitation in the Western Canary Islands Over the Last Two Millennia

ABSTRACT

The residents of the Canary Archipelago consumed limpets since the arrival of humans ～2500 yrs. ago, and these harvested gastropods were deposited in large coastal shell middens. This work preliminarily explores shell margin oxygen isotope composition (δ¹⁸O) and body size of the black limpet (Patella candei d’Orbigny, 1840) from archaeological sites in the Canary Islands to assess possible seasonal variability and intensity of shellfish collection throughout the late Holocene. The shell margin δ¹⁸O values of 100 shells (radiocarbon dated between ～500 and ～1800 cal. yr BP) were analysed to estimate sea surface temperature (SST) at time of death. Paleotemperature estimates suggest shellfish harvesting was not year-round, and was avoided in the cooler months (when SST?<?20°C). This pattern differs from most higher latitude Mesolithic and Neolithic human groups, which gathered shellfish year-round, targeting winter more heavily. Preliminary body-size measurements suggest shell sizes have experienced a decline from aboriginal times to the present, which possibly resulted from increasing anthropogenic pressures. During aboriginal inhabitation, maximum adult shell size remained stable, suggesting that present-day harvesting practices are more intense than harvesting from aboriginal human groups. This intensive collection has likely diminished the average adult size of limpet populations in the islands by ～27%.