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31.
Christian Schmidt 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》2006,127(1):141-158
Résumé L'article s'attache à dégager le fil rouge qui relie les réflexions de Wilhelm Gottfried Leibniz sur les jeux de société à
la théorie des jeux, telle qu'on la trouve dans l'ouvrage de John Von Neumann et Oskar Morgenstern. L'itinéraire décrit passe
par les travaux de plusieurs mathématiciens du XVIIIe siècle sur différents jeux de hasard, pour aboutir aux recherches de quelques-uns des fondateurs des mathématiques modernes,
comme Ernst Zermelo pour la théorie des ensembles et émile Borel pour la théorie des probabilités. II montre comment une analyse
mathématique des jeux de société a débouché sur l'élaboration d'une grille générale d'analyse des phénomènes sociaux. Son
cheminement révèle, en outre, la longue parenthèse du XIXe siècle où ce programme s'est trouvé abandonné et esquisse, en conclusion, quelques hypothèses pour l'expliquer.
The paper strives to find the clue which links Leibniz' thoughts on parlour games to the mathematical theory of games in John
Von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern.Magna opera the way goes through the works of several XVIIIth century mathematicians on various games of chance to reach the research of some of the modern mathematics founders, as Ernst
Zermelo for the sets theory and émile Borel for the theory of probabilities. The paper shows how a mathematical analysis of
parlour games ends at a general framework to study the social phenomena. Its development also reveals how this research program
has disappeared, all along the XIXth century, and suggests, in conclusion, some tentative explanations of this development.
Une version préliminaire de cet article a été publiée dans la revue de l'Association historique des élèves du lycée Henri
IV,Jeu et histoire, no spéc.:L'émoi de l'histoire, 25–26, printempsautomne 2002, p. 94–115. 相似文献
32.
Flemming Højlund Anna S. Hilton Christian Juel Nanna Kirkeby Steffen T. Laursen Lars E. Nielsen 《Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy》2008,19(2):144-155
Studies of old aerial photographs of the Bahrain burial mound fields have revealed that a small number of both Early Type (c. 2200–2050 BC) and Late Type (c. 2050–1750 BC) mounds are encircled by an outer ring wall, apparently marking out the mound as belonging to an elite. Four of these mounds have been excavated, and the results are presented. The geological differences between the Early Type and the Late Type mound landscapes are discussed. 相似文献
33.
Paola Boscato Christian Carioni Andrea Brandolini Laura Sadori Mauro Rottoli 《Journal of archaeological science》2008
The persistent uncertainty on the classification of the “new” glume wheat found in Neolithic and Bronze Age sites from Greece and other European settlements might be resolved only through analysis of its ancient DNA. Tools able to discriminate among different Triticum species on the basis of scarce, very damaged DNA, are therefore essential. While current attempts concentrate on DNA fragments sequencing and comparison, in some instances PCR-based selective amplification techniques might offer a cheaper and quicker alternative. The purpose of this research was therefore the identification of species-specific primers, able to distinguish caryopses of Triticum timopheevii subsp. timopheevii from those of Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum. Primers and their working conditions were defined and optimized using DNA from modern accessions. The ribosomal primers ITS1 tim and ITS2 tim, and the nuclear primer acetyl-coenzyme A tim clearly discriminated the sequences of Triticum timopheevii from other species. Finally, Neolithic charred wheat grains found in the sites of Sammardenchia (Pozzuolo del Friuli, Udine) and La Marmotta (Lago di Bracciano, Roma), belonging to the “new” wheat type or to emmer, were tested with the three selected primers. However, the results were not conclusive, because the samples analysed were apparently too degraded to yield useful DNA. 相似文献
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Jean-Marc Mouillie Sylvie Marcq-Bernard Jacqueline Lagrée Sophie Audidière Sophie Peytavin Christian Nadeau Joël Cornette Jean Bernhardt Elsa Rimboux Christophe Alsaleh Fabien Chareix Christian Nadeau Sylvia Giocanti Béatrice Lenoir 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1998,119(2-3):361-396
37.
Over the last decade, numerous crime prevention programmes have been implemented across the German school sector. Although several serious violent attacks have happened in the last 12 years in German schools, the emergence of crime prevention programmes within the education sector cannot simply be conceived as a reaction to a rise in youth crime. Following Michel Foucault's writings on power and governmentality, and drawing upon extracts of a discourse analysis of crime prevention programmes and political speeches, we argue that crime prevention within German schools signifies a new mode of governing childhood. Although we focus on Germany, our findings may illustrate an international trend within education policy, which first tends to spatialise socio-structural problems and transform them into local solutions, and second seeks to create childhood subjectivities that cause children to feel responsible for their own safety, while simultaneously subjecting children and young people to wide-ranging social control via area-based networks. 相似文献
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