Early Socialism in Canada: International and Regional Impulses

International and regional impulses have shaped Canadian socialism from the movement’s origins in the nineteenth century to the present. Many of Canada’s early socialists arrived as ready-made socialists from abroad. From the British Isles, continental Europe, and the United States, these idealists and dissidents imported radical political ideals, which they subsequently adapted to meet the emerging conditions of an industrializing, urbanizing Canada. Directed at a broad cross-section of society, the early Canadian socialist rainbow featured many colours: Chartists, Christian socialists, cooperators, and, by the nineteenth century’s end—communists, anarchists, and other adherents of European radical movements. This process of importation, adaptation, and change took different forms in the distinctive regional contexts of Canada’s multi-ethnic federal state. Building on an interdisciplinary literature, the authors illuminate the ways in which international and regional impulses shaped Canada’s socialist tradition, helping to explain persistent tensions and forces within contemporary Canadian politics.     

Bromine in teeth and bone as an indicator of marine diet

Nitrogen isotope ratios in tissues are often used to aid in the reconstruction of the marine component of diets in past populations. Elevated δ¹⁵N values normally found with high trophic level marine resource consumption can, however, also be mimicked by physiological conditions (breastfeeding, pathological states affecting nitrogen balance), climate (aridity), and anthropogenic environments (manuring). This paper presents a pilot study testing whether bromine concentrations can provide a tool for teasing apart possible causes of variation in nitrogen isotope ratios. Blind analyses of bromine in archaeological samples correctly identified individuals derived from coastal vs. inland regions and high vs. low marine consumption time periods. Thus, bromine can provide an important supplement to other isotopic analyses of diet.     

Foodstuff placement in ibis mummies and the role of viscera in embalming

Recent excavation of a mummified ibis, in whose bill were found numerous snails, and the 2010 radiological study of ibis mummies from Yale's Peabody Museum drew attention to the presence of bird foodstuffs intentionally placed inside mummified ibises following evisceration. The foodstuff packing in the Peabody's ibises was likely contained within the birds' own viscera. Radiographs of a hatchling ibis mummy at McGill's Redpath Museum demonstrated similar placement of foodstuffs within the eviscerated body cavity. This pattern of ibis evisceration, with the previously unreported practice of foodstuff packing, suggests the provision of an afterlife food source to the bird. These findings lend support to the idea that the viscera of ibises, and humans alike, were meant to continue their living function in the afterlife. Given that organs of digestion and respiration were specifically preserved and retained within, or in conjunction with, human mummies, the implication is that animals were also treated with similar respect and care, and the crucial role of the viscera was recognised.     

Issues,Coalitions, and Divided Government

Ryan J. Barilleaux, The Post-Modern Presidency. The Office After Ronald Reagan. New York: Praeger. 1988. Pp. x, 175. $35.95.

Richard Rose, The Postmodern President: The White House Meets the World. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House Publishers. 1988. Pp. x, 350. $17.95.     

Interpretive walks: advancing the use of mobile methods in the study of entrepreneurial farm tourism settings

This article draws on the application of interpretive walks in a socio‐geographical study of tourism‐oriented entrepreneurial activity on multi‐generational family farms in New Zealand. We highlight the great potential this method holds for tourism researchers interested in the ways tourist spaces are produced in processes of place‐making. Mobile methods have been a feature of qualitative field research in several disciplines for some time, particularly in cultural geography with its emphasis on human interactions in and with landscapes. The interpretive walk, known also as the walking interview, has been applied mainly in urban neighbourhood, health, transport, and housing research, where it has proven very useful for revealing human connections to place that have been difficult to elicit using stationary face‐to‐face interviews. This article is one of the few that reports on the use of the method in a farm tourism setting. It is also one of few applied studies seeking to understand the local geographies of farm tourism and their connections to the farm site as both family home and place of primary production. The method is characterised as an effective tool for navigating and interpreting the socio‐spatial settings in which new rural tourism ventures emerge, evolve, and are embedded. The approach allows for unexpected encounters with spatial practices and strategies, projects, and objects, behind which lie stories of changing human relationships with the land, economy, and community, and of the exigencies of everyday life that are less readily unearthed using conventional interviews.     

Book reviews

Young Whan Kihl and Peter Hayes (eds), Peace and Security in Northeast Asia. The Nuclear Issue and the Korean Peninsula. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe, 1996. xvi + 491 pp. US$74.95 (cloth).

Dae Hwan Kim and Tat Yan Kong (eds), The Korean Peninsula in Transition. London: Macmillan, 1997. xiv + 269 pp. £40.00 (cloth).

Desmond Ball, Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) in South Korea. Canberra: Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence No. 110, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, 1995. 83 pp. $15.00 (paper).

Suisheng Zhao, Power By Design: Constitution‐Making in Nationalist China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996. xii + 217 pp. US$37.00 (cloth).

Frederick C. Teiwes and Warren Sun, The Tragedy of Lin Biao: Riding the Tiger during the Cultural Revolution 1966–1971. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1996. 251 pp. US$30.00 (cloth).

Paul J. Bailey, Postwar Japan: 1945 to the Present. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. xv + 208 pp. $22.95 (paper).

Ralph Pettman, Understanding International Political Economy: With Readings for the Fatigued. Boulder, CO and London: Lynne Rienner, 1996. xiv + 257pp. US$19.95 (paper).

Cal Clark and K.C. Roy, Comparing Development Patterns in Asia. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1997. ix+ 198 pp. US$45.00 (cloth).

David Wall, Jiang Boke and Yin Xiangshuo, China's Opening Door. London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs, International Economics Programme, 1996. 150 pp. £15.95 (paper).

Hal Hill, The Indonesian Economy since 1966. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. xx + 327 pp. No price given.

Joseph R. Blasi, Maya Kroumova, Douglas Kruse, foreword by Andrei Shleifer, Kremlin Capitalism: Privatizing the Russian Economy. Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 1997. xix + 249 pp. US$42.50 (cloth) US$16.95 (paper).

Ron Edwards and Michael Skully (eds), ASEAN Business Trade and Development: An Australian Perspective. Melbourne: Butterworth Heinemann, 1996. xviii + 356 pp. $45.00 (paper).

Richard Robison (ed.), Pathways to Asia: The Politics of Engagement. St Leonards: Allen & Unwin, 1996. xvii + 270 pp. $24.95 (paper).

Edwin E. Moise, Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press, 1996. xviii + 304 pp. US$39.95 (cloth).

Peter Edwards, A Nation at War: Australian Politics, Society and Diplomacy during the Vietnam War, 1965–1975. St Leonards: Allen & Unwin in Association with the Australian War Memorial, 1997. xx + 460 pp. $59.95 (cloth).

Meg Gurry, India: Australia's Neglected Neighbour? 1947–1996. Brisbane: Centre for the Study of Australia‐Asia Relations, Griffith University, 1996. 105 pp. $18.00 (paper).

Sandy Gordon, Security and Security Building in the Indian Ocean Region. Canberra: Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence No. 116, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 1996. 243 pp. $24.00 (paper).

David Stevens (ed.), In Search of a Maritime Strategy: The Maritime Element in Australian Defence Planning since 1901. Canberra: Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence No. 119, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 1997. xviii + 252 pp. $24.00 (paper).

Helen Hookey and Denny Roy (eds), Australian Defence Planning: Five Views from Policy Makers. Canberra: Canberra Papers on Strategy and Defence No. 120, Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 1997. xiv + 71 pp. $15.00 (paper).

Carl G. Jacobsen, The New World Order's Defining Crises: The Clash of Promise and Essence. Aldershot, Hants: Dartmouth, 1996. 124 pp. £37.50 (cloth).

Douglas T. Stuart and William T. Tow, Security Policy in the Asia‐Pacific: A US Strategy for a New Century? Griffith University: Centre for the Study of Australia‐Asia Relations, Australia‐Asia Papers, No. 76, 1996. xiv + 52 pp. No price given.

Stanley R. Sloan, NATO's Future: Beyond Collective Defense. Washington, DC: INSS McNair Paper No. 46, 1995. 73 pp. No price given.

John M. Shields and William C. Potter (eds), Dismantling the Cold War: U.S. and NIS Perspectives on the Nunn‐Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. Cambridge, MA: CSIA Studies in International Security, MIT Press, 1997. 426 pp. $39.95 (paper).

William F. Martin, Ryukichi Imai and Helga Steeg, Maintaining Energy Security in a Global Context. A Report to the Trilateral Commission No. 48. New York: The Trilateral Commission, 1996. xiv+ 117 pp. No price given.