Aesthetic Cartography: The Cultural Function of Portolan Charts from 1300 to 1700

The earliest printed maps 1472–1500. By Tony Campbell. London: The British Library, 1987. ISBN 0 7123 0133 X. Pp. xii, 244, illus. £40.00 (cloth).

Die ?Caerte van oostlant? des Cornells Anthonisz‐ 1543: die alteste gedruckte Seekarte Nordeuropas und inhre Segelanweisung. By Arend W. Lang. Schriften des Deutschen Schifiahrtsmeums Bd. 8. Hamburg: Ernst Kabel Ver‐lag, 1986. ISBN 3 8225 0012 7. Pp 168, 108 plates. DM 68.00.

Gilded scenes and shining prospects: panoramic views of British towns 1575–1900. By Ralph Hyde. Catalogue of an exhibition held 9th October to 15th December 1985. New Haven, Conn.: Yale Centre for British Art, 1985. ISBN 0 930606 49 3. Pp. 207, illus. £23.00.

L'Inventaire du Monde: géographic et politique aux origines de I'Empire romain. By Claude Nicolet. Paris: Librairie Artheme Fayard, 1988. ISBN 2 213 02020 5. Pp. 345, illus. FF160.00 (paper).

Espace français: vision et aménagement, XVI^e XIX^e siècle. Exposition organisé par la Direction des Archives de France, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication. Paris: Archives Nationales, 1987. ISBN 2 86000 135 2. Pp. 192, col. plates. FFI20 (paper).

Les militaires et la cartographie des Pays‐Bas Méridionaux et de la Principauté de Liège à la fin du xvii^e et au xviii^e siècle. By Claire Lemoine‐Isabeau. Centre D'Histoire Militaire, Travaux 19. Bruxelles: Musée Royal de L'Armée et Centre d'Histoire Militaire, 1984. ISBN 2 87051 0055. Pp.296, 30 plates. [Musée Royal de L'Armée et Centre d'Histoire Militaire, Pare du Cinquantenaire, 3, B‐1040 Bruxelles.]

Civil War maps: an annotated list of maps and atlases in the Library of Congress. Compiled by Richard W. Stephen‐son. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1988. ISBN 084405981. Pp. viii, 410, illus. US$46.00 (cloth).

Island, Grönland und das nördliche Eismeer im Bild der Kartographie seit dem 10. Jahrhundert. By Oswald Dreyer‐Eimbcke. Mitteilungen der Geographischen Gesellschaft im Hamburg 77. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden, 1987. ISBN 3 515 05102 3. Pp. iv, 170, illus. DM65.00. [Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden GmbH, Birkenwaldstraße 44, Postfach 347, 7000 Stuttgart 1.]

L'analse de la carte ancienne: essai méthodologique: la carte du Bas‐Canada de 1831 de Joseph Bouchette. By Claude Boudrea. Rapports et Mémoires de recherche du CELAT 7. Québec: Université Laval, 1986. Pp. viii, 170, plates. [Centre d'études sur la langue, les arts et les traditions populaires des francophones en Amérique du Nord (CELAT), Faculté des Lettres, Universié Laval, Cité universitaire, Québec G1K 7PA.]

La Città de Napoli tra Vedutismo e Cartografia: Piante e Vedute dal XV al XIX Secolo. A cura di Giulo Pane e Vladimiro Valero. Napoli: Grimaldi &; C. Editori, 1987. Pp. 438, illus. [Grimaldi &; C. Editori, Via Bausan 61, 80121 Napoli.]

Exploration and mapping of the American West: selected essays. Edited by Donna P. Koepp. Map and Geography Round Table of the American Library Association, Occasional Paper 1. Chicago: Speculum Orbis Press for The Map and Geography Round Table of the American Library Association, 1986. ISBN 0 932757 01 4. Pp. viii, 184, illus. US$18.95 (cloth).

Explorations in the history of Canadian cartography: a collection of essays. Edited by Barbara Farrell and Aileen Desbarats. Ottawa: Association of Canadian Map Libraries and Archives, 1988. ISBN 0 9690682 6 3. Pp. xii, 274, illus. CDN$25.00 (paper). [Associationof Canadian Map Libraries and Archives, c/o Cartographic and Architectural Archives Division, National Archives of Canada, 395 Wellington Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A ON3.]

Jamaica surveyed: plantation maps and plans of the eighteen and nineteenth‐centuries. By B. W. Higman. Kingston, Jamaica: Institute of Jamaica Publications Ltd., 1988. ISBN 976 8017 08 2. Pp. xvi, 308, illus. £20.00 (paper) [Institute ofjamaica Publications Ltd., 2A Suther‐mere Road, Kingston 10, Jamaica.]

The Sanuto sixteenth‐century Venetian globe gores: Chicago: Holzheimer Research and Publications Project and Hermon Dunlap Center for the History of Cartography, 1987. 24 sheets. Published with: The Holzheimer Venetian globe gores of the sixteenth‐century by David Woodward. Madison: The Juniper Press, 1987. Pp. iv, 20. US$395.00 (boxed).

Printed maps of the British Isles 1650–1750. By Rodney W. Shirley. Tring: Map Collector Publications; London: The British Library, 1988. ISBN 0 7123 0142 9. Pp. 168, illus. £48.00 (cloth).

The city in maps: urban mapping to 1900. By James Elliot. Published by the British Library to accompany an exhibition held from June 1987 to December 1987. London: The British Library, 1987. ISBN 0 7123 0134 8. Pp. 88, 58 illus. £9.95 (paper).

Keyguide to information sources in cartography. By Alan G. Hodgkiss and Andrew F. Tatham. London: Mansell Publishing, 1986. ISBN 0 7201 1768 2. Pp. x, 253. £25.00 (cloth),

Maps and map‐makers of the Aegean. By Vasilis Sphyroe‐ras, Anna Avramea, and Spyros Asdrahas. Translated by G. Cox and J. Solman. Athens: Olkos Ltd., 1985. ISBN 0892414553. Pp.263, 166illus, col. plates. $100.00.

Maps with the news: the development of American journalist cartography. By Mark Monmonier. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1989. ISBN 0 226 53411 1. Pp. xiv, 331, illus. £19.95 (cloth).

Origem e desenvolvimento da cartografia Portugesa na Epoca dos descrobrimentos [The origins and development of Portuguese cartography at the time of the Discoveries]. By Alfredo Pin‐heiro Marques. Descoberta do Mundo. [Lisbon]: Imprensa Nacional ‐ Casa da Moeda, 1987. Pp. 228, 16 illus. 2,100 Escudos (cloth).

The charts &; Coastal views of Captain Cook's voyages, 1: The voyage of the Endeavour 1768–1771. Edited by Andrew David, Riidiger Joppien and Bernard Smith. Hakluyt Society Extra Series 43. London: The Hakluyt Society (with Australia Academy of the Humanities), 1988. ISBN 0 904180 23 9. Pp. lxiv, 328, illus. £100.00 (cloth). [The Hakluyt Society, c/o The British Library, Map Library, Great Russell Street, London WCIB 3DG],

Plantation acres: an historical study of the Irish land surveyor and his maps. By J. H. Andrews. Belfast: Ulster Historical Foundation, 1985. ISBN 0 901 905 35 6. Pp. xxiv, 462, illus, 29 plates. £16.50 (cloth). [Ulster Historical Foundation, 68 Balmoral Avenue, Belfast BT9 6NY, Northern Ireland].

Indian maps and plans from earliest times to the advent of European surveys. By Susan Gole. New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1989. ISBN 8h 85054 58 4. Pp.207, Illus. £45.00. [Jaya Books, 240^b Kentish Town Road, London NW5 1DD, or South Asia Books, PO Box 502, Columbia, Missouri 65205],     

Footsteps and memories: interpreting an Australian urban landscape through thematic walking tours

This article is concerned with the currently common deployment, under the rubric of cultural planning, of place‐making and local cultural heritage awareness projects. Such exercises sometimes seek to accommodate the impacts of de‐industrialisation and urban transformation by identifying and marking places of contemporary and historical significance, and interpreting them and their broader connections to people and to place. The article critically reflects upon a project conducted by the authors that developed two interpretive heritage walks in a large, working‐class suburb in Australia. This interpretive exercise afforded a valuable opportunity to investigate the contours of the place‐making process and its determinants. By tracing the development of the walks and their accompanying interpretive brochures, the article identifies and discusses a number of emergent key issues relating to social class, gender and ethnicity. In particular, it considers the interpretive opportunities and constraints presented by contracted cultural heritage research and its applications.     

Museums and the ‘Death of Experience’: singularity,interiority and the outside

This paper discusses a number of well-known critiques of the museum that seek to identify it as a problematic space for experience. The key argument put forward is that we can find within that analysis a critical geography around the museum that help us to understand the work that it does in relation to experience. Three spatial motifs are drawn from this analysis and discussed: the singular, the interior and the outside. The paper argues that museums since the nineteenth century have established a topos for experience based on a mimetic realism around the experience of both culture and history through the first two of these spatial expressions. Through them museums produces a fabulation of culture and history that supplements for the lack of topos for experience found within modern society as a whole. The latter spatiality – that of the outside – is found in the form of the absent–presence of the event in relation to the archiving principle of the museum, thereby continually unsettling the first two expressions and calling them into question. This dynamic reveals the museum as a space to critically think about what it does with experience and the importance of spatial analysis for that.     

A Critique in Search of a Corpus: Re-visiting Governance and Re-interpreting Urban Politics

One of the most profound changes of the last two decades has been in the form and the function of local government. Its role as part of the local state has been challenged through the re-scaling and re-configuration of many of its aims. This paper examines the growth of business sector involvement and the ascendancy of the partnership model in urban development, as part of an analysis of the changes and the continuities that stretch across the local government – local governance conceptualization of political relations. I start the paper with a discussion of the main issues in the local governance literature as a precursor to a commentary onImrie and Raco's (1999) recent paper, 'How New is the New Local Governance? Lessons from the United Kingdom'. The wider literature is drawn upon to discuss some of the theoretical approaches used to analyse this much-vaunted transformation and three key themes are used to structure the remainder of the paper. I argue that Imrie and Raco caricature the work of other academics in order to make their claims over omissions from the literature. In doing so, they ignore or under-play how state restructuring and the logic of capital has often been the object of analysis, rather that the voluntarist incorporation of business élites into the local governing apparatus. Using empirical examples from three English cities I argue that while, on the one hand, their examples are revealing and serve to sensitize current debates around governance, the state and regulation, on the other hand, there is still a need to interpret these 'local' politics within a broader and more scale-sensitive framework and in more abstract terms. This demands a clear distinction between local governance as a concept, and its investigation in an empirical way.     

Edwardian Conservatism and the Constitution: The Thought of Lord Hugh Cecil

This article presents an analysis of the political thought of Lord Hugh Cecil. It argues that in order to understand Cecil's thought it is necessary to emphasize the role of the constitution in his thinking. There are three reasons for this. First, his opposition to Chamberlain's tariff reform campaign was rooted in a view of the detrimental effects the policy would have on politics, evidence for which Cecil saw in the tactics used by the tariff reformers. Second, because his opposition to the Parliament Bill and to the home rule proposals, which lay behind the removal of the house of lords' veto, was similarly rooted in what he saw as the unconstitutional nature of these measures. Third, because Cecil was an active proponent of constitutional reforms that were designed to ensure that the second chamber could still exercise a restraining influence on government and so stand up for the interests of what he saw as the moderate majority of the people.     

一半是球场 一半是雪场

曾经有人做过一个调查：高尔夫球友最热爱的另外一项体育运动是什么？绝大多数人的答案都是——滑雪。班夫盘卧在落基山脉的脚下。是一个被蓝天、高山、绿地和河流包围的绝美小镇，因此被称为落基山脉的灵魂。独特的地理条件，使得班夫能够同时拥有顶级高尔夫球场和专业滑雪场，而今越来越多的高尔夫、滑雪双栖爱好者愿意来到这里运动、休闲。     

USING A COMPOSED ERROR MODEL TO ESTIMATE THE FRICTIONAL AND EXCESS-SUPPLY COMPONENTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

ABSTRACT We present in this paper a plausible and simple method of estimating the two components (frictional and excess supply) of unemployment. This approach uses a stochastic model whose error term is composed of two elements–the usual two-sided error and a one-sided error. Our method has several strengths. First, we are able to explicitly model the universally held view that there is a nonzero lower bound on unemployment. Second, we can easily determine whether each region's unemployment rate is caused primarily by excess supply or frictional forces. We illustrate our technique on a data set comprised of all 50 states over the period 1960-1979. Finally, estimation of the frictional rates of unemployment allows us to analyze, in the last part of the paper, the underlying economic and demographic determinants of differences in frictional unemployment rates across states and over time.     

Mr. Ely’s amendment: Massachusetts Federalists and the politicization of slave representation

Responding to state electoral losses in 1804, Massachusetts Federalists vehemently pursued an antislavery measure called the Ely amendment, which sought to end the three-fifths clause. Despite failure to pass the Ely amendment, opposition to the three-fifths compromise became central to Federalist politics through the Missouri crisis in 1820. Federalists participating in the Missouri debates chose to let Republican politicians lead the opposition to slavery’s expansion after putting forth their critique of the three-fifths clause. Yet Federalists’ repeated attempts to pass the Ely amendment ensured that a generation of Massachusetts citizens connected the three-fifths clause with southern domination.