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Peiffer J 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2006,15(3):210-244
The killing of disabled patients with mental diseases during 1939-1945 is regarded as the precursor to the Holocaust. Although known at least since the Nuremberg Doctors Trial (1946-1947), the reception accorded these crimes against humanity varied (and evolved through time) depending on the parties: the old establishment, the younger generation, the different political interests, and the jurists, the theologians, the historians, the medical authorities. I attempt to distinguish five phases in the debate in light of the political background between 1945 until the present. 相似文献
53.
Mehmet Ali Yüzer 《European Planning Studies》2004,12(4):551-561
This article describes the main features of a Land Use Cellular Automata Model (LUCAM) developed within the scope a Ph.D. thesis by using both physical and socio‐economic data and on the basis of the relationships between the smallest cellular function and other functions that vary according to the fractal structure of settlements. An assessment of the research findings is also included. The article has five sections: Following the introduction, the evolution of land use models, in particular Cellular Automata (CA) based land use models, is described. Then, the main features of LUCAM are presented, and the basics of the criteria used in determining the model parameters is described. The model developed, which can easily be used in computer environments, aims to minimize the calculation time in growth estimation processes, and thus become a widely used tool. In this article, the model was applied to the settlement of Bursa (Turkey), and the results obtained were assessed. The conclusion section offers general guidelines on the use of the model and discusses the advantages of employing the model in CA based studies that are likely to emerge in the future. 相似文献
54.
Kadri Cemil Akyüz İlker Akyüz Çiğdem Cavrar Hasan Serin Hicabi Cindik 《European Planning Studies》2004,12(8):1133-1144
Investment is an important decision for economic development, balanced growth and public welfare. There are many factors influencing investment. Thus, investment must be evaluated with multidimensional methods. Using taxonomy and principal component analysis this study attempts to determine appropriate investment areas in planned provinces in the Black Sea Region. Analyses were based on a number of demographic, economic, health, education, employment and cultural indicators. Results indicated that provinces were grouped into four clusters. Gümü?hane and Bayburt were determined to have the highest priority for investment in the manufacturing industry. 相似文献
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里耶秦简中有<祠律>及秦迁陵县祭祀先农等神祇的记载,为了解秦的宗教信仰及宗教管制政策提供了珍贵材料,也反映出当时宗教祭祀仪式已是中央及地方行政的组成部分,是各级官员的法定职责及义务.据此还可确定睡虎地秦简<法律答问>中有关宗教祭祀的解释应是对秦<祠律>条文的解释. 相似文献
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Same island, different diet: Cultural evolution of food practice on Öland, Sweden, from the Mesolithic to the Roman Period 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gunilla Eriksson Anna Linderholm Elin Fornander Marie Kanstrup Pia Schoultz Hanna Olofsson Kerstin Lidn 《Journal of Anthropological Archaeology》2008,27(4):520-543
The Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in north-west Europe has been described as rapid and uniform, entailing a swift shift from the use of marine and other wild resources to domesticated terrestrial resources. Here, we approach the when, what and how of this transition on a regional level, using empirical data from Öland, an island in the Baltic Sea off the Swedish east coast, and also monitor changes that occurred after the shift. Radiocarbon dating and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of bones and teeth from 123 human individuals, along with faunal isotope data from 27 species, applying to nine sites on Öland and covering a time span from the Mesolithic to the Roman Period, demonstrate a great diversity in food practices, mainly governed by culture and independent of climatic changes. There was a marked dietary shift during the second half of the third millennium from a mixed marine diet to the use of exclusively terrestrial resources, interpreted as marking the large-scale introduction of farming. Contrary to previous claims, this took place at the end of the Neolithic and not at the onset. Our data also show that culturally induced dietary transitions occurred continuously throughout prehistory. The availability of high-resolution data on various levels, from intra-individual to inter-population, makes stable isotope analysis a powerful tool for studying the evolution of food practices. 相似文献
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Geodateninfrastrukturen sollen den Zugang zu und die Nutzung von Geoinformationen besser und effektiver gestalten und dadurch
den einen Markt für Geoinformationen etablieren, in dem sowohl Massendaten, wie auch spezielle Informationen im Sinne problemspezifischer
Auskünfte nachgefragt und im Idealfall auch abgerechnet werden k?nnen. Auf verschiedenen Organisationsstufen und in unterschiedlichen
fachlichen Zusammenh?ngen werden zur Zeit internetbasierte Geodateninfrastrukturen (GDI) aufgebaut. Sie orientieren sich an
den internationalen Standards des Open GIS Consortium (OGC) und der Internationalen Standardisierungsorganisation (ISO). Eine
wichtige Voraussetzung für das Gelingen der Initiativen ist, da? sie nicht nur Top-Down von staatlichen Instanzen eingerichtet
und betrieben werden, sondern auch Elemente kooperierender Bottom-Up-Entwicklung enthalten und vor allem alle potentiellen
Nutzer einer GDI, von Datenanbietern über -veredlern und Software-Herstellern bis hin zu Endkunden, einbeziehen. Der Beitrag
stellt den aktuellen Stand der Entwicklung und wichtige aktuelle Beispiele in der Praxis dar. 相似文献