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381.
Kenneth R. Robinson 《Imago Mundi: The International Journal for the History of Cartography》2013,65(2):177-192
The date of the earliest extant Korean world map, entitled Honil kangni y?ktae kukto chi to (Map of Integrated Lands and Regions of Historical Countries and Capitals) and now in the ōmiya Library, Ryūkoku University Academic Information Center, Kyoto, Japan, is unknown. The Ryūkoku Kangnido (as the map is commonly referred to), along with three other Korean world maps believed to have been made in Chos?n Korea in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, is thought to have been derived from a now‐lost world map made in Chos?n Korea in 1402. Opinions on possible dates for the Ryūkoku Kangnido have varied widely. In this paper, a revised date of between early 1479 and late 1485 is proposed on the basis of a study of the Korean place‐names in the map and changes in the Korean civil and military administration they reflect. It is also suggested that, despite showing most of the rest of the world, the Korean officials who produced the Ryūkoku Kangnido were less interested in portraying current images of neighbouring Asian countries than in presenting an up‐to‐date image of Chos?n Korea. 相似文献
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Mira Tripathi Kenneth F.D. Hughey Hamish G. Rennie 《Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites》2013,15(5-6):319-339
ABSTRACTWater resource management is a major challenge throughout the world. People still use traditional water harvesting and conservation techniques in many long-established societies. However, traditional methods are in decline or have been abandoned in many countries even though they are more efficient and cost effective than modern water harvesting techniques. Nevertheless, traditional approaches continue to be valuable in some countries, including Nepal. This research documents the state of such traditional methods, in this case stone spouts, in relation to their use and management within urban and peri-urban areas of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. This study shows a somewhat surprising outcome that spout condition is better in unprotected areas than in protected areas. 相似文献
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Susie Jacobs 《Geography Compass》2009,3(5):1675-1687
Concerns about rising food prices, food security and land grabs have focussed attention on land redistribution and land reform in recent years. The majority of the rural people and rural poor are women, but the issue of gender within land reform is rarely discussed. Agrarian reforms redistribute land either to collectives or to individual households; this article surveys the impact of the latter model of land reform for women, based on case studies from Asia, Africa and Latin America. A mixed picture emerges, but women have been seriously disadvantaged within most programmes by the granting of land title or permits to men as household heads. Husbands have often gained power at their wives’ expense. The potential benefits of landholding for women are substantial, however, and calls for women’s land rights are increasing. A question concerns what form these should take: customary law often discriminates against women, but individual land titling is likely to result in loss of land, especially among the poor. Redistributionist land reforms that have state backing are more likely to be concerned with equity. In order for such programmes to fulfil their democratic potential, smallholder women must gain rights on the same basis as men, and these must be enforced ‘on the ground’. 相似文献
386.
This article reviews the current state of the historiography of the Canadian North, connecting scholarly writing on the region to the rapid and profound developments that have occurred in the North in recent years. It summarizes the priorities and imperatives of post‐Second World War historical writing on the North but looks more specifically at developments in the past two decades. The rapid growth of Indigenous‐focused and North‐centred scholarship is considered in detail, with particular emphasis placed on the manner in which academics have collaborated with Aboriginal peoples on the advancement of historical understanding. Despite the growth in the number, quality and diversity of historical works on the North, this article argues that the national historical profession continues to largely ignore northern developments and has yet to integrate the region into the national narrative. The article concludes by reviewing the prospects for further development in the field, suggesting that significant challenges lie ahead, including a growing disconnect between southern and northern historical work, the rising costs of working closely with Indigenous communities, and the general decline of regional history in Canada. 相似文献
387.
Kenneth G. Kelly 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2008,12(4):388-402
Historical archaeology is a relatively recent development in the French West Indies, in contrast to the Anglophone Americas where for over 30 years, historical archaeologists have investigated the sites of plantation villages in the United States and in the Caribbean to seek insights into the ways in which enslaved Africans adapted to and survived the horrors of slavery, and created unique and vibrant Creole cultures. Although plantations have been archaeologically investigated in the former French possessions of the United States, their Caribbean counterparts, and particularly the enslaved population who labored on them, have only recently become a focus of archaeological research. Yet the historical setting and development of plantation slavery in the French colonies of the Caribbean was necessarily distinct from both the British Caribbean and from North American French colonial establishments. This paper discusses the state of historical archaeology in the French West Indies, with particular reference to plantation archaeology in Guadeloupe and Martinique. This research identifies some of the unique aspects of the economic and historical context of slavery on French Caribbean plantations. 相似文献
388.
Gerald H. Jacobs 《Journal of the history of the neurosciences》2014,23(3):287-314
The two principal theories of color vision that emerged in the nineteenth century offered alternative ideas about the nature of the biological mechanisms that underlie the percepts of color. One, the Young-Helmholtz theory, proposed that the visual system contained three component mechanisms whose individual activations were linked to the perception of three principal hues; the other, the Hering theory, assumed there were three underlying mechanisms, each comprising a linked opponency that supported contrasting and mutually exclusive color percepts. These competing conceptions remained effectively untested until the middle of the twentieth century when single-unit electrophysiology emerged as a tool allowing a direct examination of links between spectral stimulation of the eye and responses of individual cells in visual systems. This approach revealed that the visual systems of animals known to have color vision contain cells that respond in a spectrally-opponent manner, firing to some wavelengths of stimulation and inhibiting to others. The discovery of spectral opponency, and the research it stimulated, changed irrevocably our understanding of the biology of color vision. 相似文献
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