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91.
Christina Cheung Hannes Schroeder Robert E. M. Hedges 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2012,4(1):61-73
This study uses stable isotope analyses (δ13C and δ15N) of human bone collagen to reconstruct the diet of three Romano-British (first to early fifth century AD) populations from
Gloucestershire in South West England. Gloucestershire was an important part of Roman Britain with two major administrative
centres at Gloucester (Glevum) and Cirencester (Corinium) and numerous smaller settlements and farmsteads. To investigate
potential dietary differences between the rural and urban populations of Roman Gloucestershire, we compared human bone collagen
stable isotope values from 32 individuals from urban Gloucester with those of 46 individuals from two rural cemeteries at
Horcott Quarry and Cotswold Community, respectively. Seven individuals from urban Gloucester were buried in a mass grave;
all others were buried in single inhumations. Results show small but significant differences in stable isotope ratios between
the urban and rural populations which indicate that the urban population might have consumed slightly more marine and/or freshwater
resources than the people living in the rural communities. We interpret this difference as a direct reflection of Rome’s influence
on Gloucester’s population and the town’s economic status. Subtle differences in stable isotope ratios were also observed
at the site level, as burial practice does correlate with diet in some cases. Overall, the results from this study demonstrate
that diet, as reconstructed through stable isotope analysis, is a very sensitive, if settlement-specific, indicator of social
differentiation and culture change. 相似文献
92.
Stephen T. Driscoll 《International Journal of Historical Archaeology》2010,14(3):442-462
Historical archaeology as practiced in Scotland is divergent from the mainstream tradition of historical archaeology/post-medieval
archaeology that dominates North America and the English-speaking world. Cultural and historical forces have shaped an historical
archaeology with a deeper time depth, which extends back into the Middle Ages. It also focuses on different subjects reflecting
the political concerns associated with Scottish national identity. Examples drawn from Glasgow’s history are used to illustrate
the distinctiveness of the Scottish tradition and how it is evolving. I argue that one of its strengths of Scottish historical
archaeology is that it provides a corrective contrast to the subjects and approaches which dominate historical archaeology
in the English-speaking world. 相似文献
93.
Akira Matsuda 《Archaeologies》2010,6(3):447-467
Context permitting, should public archaeologists allow “archaeologically incorrect” accounts of the past? In this paper I discuss this question through a case study based on the experience of myself and my colleagues at the excavation of the Villa of Augustus in Somma Vesuviana, Italy. In 2003 and 2004, we became aware that some visitors to the excavation interpreted the site by reference to a legend of the tunnel of Queen Giovanna, which had existed in Somma Vesuviana over the centuries. Although initially interested in this phenomenon, we soon realised that we needed to make certain judgements as to how to respond to local people asking whether the tunnel had been discovered in the excavation. We presented two different ways of interpreting the site, one based on archaeology and the other on the legend, and both as equally meaningful, while at the same time stressing what we as archaeologists believed, based on what we had found. In this process we decided to adhere to the principles of archaeology, even in embracing the multivocality of material remains. 相似文献
94.
95.
Lynn Harris 《Journal of Maritime Archaeology》2010,5(1):17-35
Southern shipyards, like Hobcaw and Mars Bluff, were established at locations chosen primarily for convenient access to transportation
networks, building materials, clientele and labour. The historical record reveals a home front role played by local plantation
owners and slaves as shipyard labour. Women served as project fundraisers, shipyard dilettantes, shipwright’s wives and possibly
slave mistresses with a paucity of material culture to confirm their presence in the archaeological record. Archaeological
investigations on land and underwater yield evidence of artefacts associated with diet, shipbuilding, warfare and ethnicity. 相似文献
96.
Zhijun Zhao 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2010,2(2):99-105
China was one of the major centers for the origin of agriculture in the world. The origins of agriculture in China, especially
the origin of rice agriculture, made a significant contribution not only to the occurrence of Chinese civilization but also
to the development of world history. Recently, the study on the origin of rice agriculture has attracted the attention of
the academic community due to the dramatic development of archaeobotanical research in China. In recent years, the flotation
technique has widely implemented in archaeological excavations in China. As the result, a tremendous amount of plant remains
have been recovered from archaeological sites, including those much related to the study of early rice agriculture. The new
data provide direct archaeological evidence for, and raise some new issues about, the origin of rice agriculture in China.
For example, the rice remains from the Shangshan site, dated to ca. 10,000 cal. B.P., suggest the beginning of rice cultivation
regardless of whether that rice was domesticated or not. The quantitative analysis of plant remains recovered by floatation
from the Jiahu site, dated to ca. 8,000 cal. B.P., revealed that the subsistence of the Jiahu people mainly relied on fishing/hunting/gathering,
while the products of rice cultivation and animal husbandry were only a supplement to their diet. The ongoing excavation,
with floatation and water-sieving, at the Tianluoshan site, dated to 6,000 to 7,000 cal. B.P., suggests that rice farming,
though important, was only part of a broader subsistence pattern of the Hemudu Culture, and rice domestication culminated
after 6,500 B.P and the beginning of rice domestication remain unclear. 相似文献
97.
David W. Steadman Hayley M. Singleton Kelly M. Delancy Nancy A. Albury J. Angel Soto-Centeno Harlan Gough 《The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology》2017,12(4):572-584
We report eight new accelerator-mass spectrometer (AMS) radiocarbon (14C) dates performed directly on individual bones of extirpated species from Crooked Island, The Bahamas. Three dates from the hutia (Geocapromys ingrahami), recovered from a culturally derived bone assemblage in McKay's Bluff Cave (site CR-5), all broadly overlap from AD 1450 to 1620, which encompasses the time of first European contact with the Lucayan on Crooked Island (AD 1492). Marine fish and hutia dominate the bone assemblage at McKay's Bluff Cave, shedding light on vertebrate consumption by the Lucayans just before their demise. A fourth AMS 14C date on a hutia bone, from a non-cultural surface context in Crossbed Cave (site CR-25), is similar (AD 1465 to 1645) to those from McKay's Bluff Cave. From Pittstown Landing (site CR-14), an open coastal archaeological site, a femur of the Cuban crocodile (Crocodylus rhombifer) yielded an AMS 14C date of AD ~1050–1250, which is early in the Lucayan cultural sequence. From a humerus in a non-cultural surface context in 1702 Cave (site CR-26), we document survival of the Cuban crocodile on Crooked Island until AD ~1300–1400, which is several hundred years later than the well-documented extinction of Cuban crocodiles on Abaco in the northern Bahamas. We lack a clear explanation of why Cuban crocodiles likely survived longer on Crooked Island than on a larger Bahamian island such as Abaco. One AMS 14C date on Crooked Island's extinct, undescribed species of tortoise (Chelonoidis sp.) from 1702 Cave is BC 790 to 540 (2740 to 2490 cal BP), which is ~1500–1700 years prior to human arrival. A second AMS 14C date, on a fibula of this tortoise from McKay's Bluff Cave, is AD 1025 to 1165, thereby demonstrating survival of this extinct species into the period of human occupation. 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
Matthew Pailes 《Journal of Archaeological Research》2017,25(4):373-420
This article surveys research in Northwest Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua), with an emphasis on the Early Agricultural period to the Late Prehistoric period. Middle range societies that are diverse in scale and organization characterize this region. Significant advancements in our understanding of these societies have been made in recent years, but substantial challenges remain in building interpretative frameworks that account for both regional diversity and incorporate macroscale interactions. Topics covered in this review include the adoption of agriculture, population movements, bases of social differentiation, and interactions between organizationally disparate groups. These issues demonstrate the relevance of the Northwest to research on the organization of middle range societies. 相似文献