The Formation of Leningrad's Satellite Places

The development of Leningrad's suburban zone began mainly in the Soviet period with the growth of “dormitory” satellites of the central city. Many of the city's satellites perform the same industrial and cultural functions as Leningrad itself. The distribution of commuter areas is analyzed on the basis of winter commutation tickets. In addition to satellites, Leningrad has “associate” cities and towns that supply the central city with electric power and fuels but lack the commuting ties that differentiate true satellites. Further planning of the Leningrad suburban zone should take care not to saturate the suburbs with industry. It is more desirable to locate new plants in small and medium-size cities outside the suburban zone.     

Snow-Cover Dynamics as one of the Factors of Formation of Landscapes of the Moscow Region

The author analyzes the landscape-forming role of the snow cover by distinguishing four snow-cover periods in the winter season and investigating snow-accumulation conditions under various meteorological, relief and vegetation situations. The effect of the snow cover on ground frost, the wintering of plants and animals, the amount of surface runoff and soil erosion in the spring is analyzed for various combinations of conditions in each period.     

Ways of Constructing a Geomorphological Theory

Since the fundamental work of William Morris Davis on a cyclic interpretation of landforms and of Walther Penck on slope development, no new conceptual approach has been offered in geomorphology until the appearance of Lester King's The Morphology of the Earth. But King's emphasis on the hypothesis of continental drift and on the process of pediplanation are judged inadequate for a full-fledged theory of geomorphology. As the new conceptual framework, the author prefers the morphostructural method of Soviet geomorphology, based on the relationship between tectonic elements and surface forms.     

ON THE STUDY OF SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS BY MATHEMATICAL METHODS

Two Soviet regional planners test several spatial interaction models with particular reference to the Kuznetsk Basin (Kemerovo Oblast), the southern belt of West Siberia and a portion of the North Caucasus (Krasnodar Kray). Existing techniques, such as gravity and potential models, are found to work well in areas with relatively uniform settlement patterns, such as the steppe zone of Krasnodar Kray or the southern Ob'-Irtysh subregion of West Siberia, but not in areas with sharp contrasts in settlement patterns, such as the Kuznetsk Basin, where a linear highly urbanized belt is enclosed between sparsely populated mountains. In such contrasting settings, a combination of methods is required.     

PLACE-NAME EVIDENCE IN THE HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHY OF MOSCOW

The authors demonstrate that place names can help to reconstruct the changing geography of Moscow by identifying and localizing the stages of the city's growth, the development of its radial-circular layout, the absorption of adjoining villages, the distribution of handicrafts and industries, and the existence of hydrographic features and vegetative cover. (The translation was prepared by James R. Gibson of York University, Toronto.)     

文物三维彩色数字化模型实现方式探讨

随着文物三维数字化技术应用的不断开展,适合于文物的高清晰彩色三维数字模型的实现是一个迫切需要解决的问题.本文从应用和技术角度,分别对文物三维彩色数字化模型实现的几种方式进行了论述,并对其各自特点作了简要的说明.认为从仪器本身角度实现三维彩色数字模型尚有一定难度.用户可根据不同需求,采取不同的实现方式达到应用的目的.     

The Cradle of Tibetan Human Resources -Chamdo Experimental School

On October 19th, 1950, the 52nd contingent of No. 18th Corps of the PLA, with the support of other forces, liberated Chamdo, which actually led to the peaceful liberation of Tibet.     

福建唐代陈元通夫妇墓出土银质文物的微观结构分析

为了解陈元通夫妇墓出土银质文物的破损状况,更好地对文物进行处理.利用金相、XRD、SEM-EDS、显微硬度分析等,对其进行了微观形貌分析.确定了腐蚀产物,观察到几种不同的腐蚀形貌,揭示了银质文物易脆裂的内因.提出保护处理文物时,对银制品的脆性问题要给予更多关注.     

穿越大东北民间历史的艺术回眸 --论满族作家曹革成的《四季蛮荒》

满族作家曹革成的长篇小说《四季蛮荒》．以其浑朴、自然的“东北书写”．穿越大东北民间历史的风尘,为我们再现了20世纪20年代黑土地上底层群众的风俗史,在破译和解读大东北的民间历史．认同与高扬大东北的人文精神以及表现大东北地域特色上进行了可贵的探索．不啻是满族当代长篇小说创作的喜人硕果。